-
Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown vs. Board of Education requires public schools to educate all children, regardless of race. -
The National Defense Education Act (NDEA)
The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) Public Law 84-911 provided funding to United States education institutions. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 authorized the Commissioner of Education to arrange for support for institutions of higher education and school districts to provide in-service programs for assisting instructional staff in dealing with problems caused by desegregation. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)- Primary and secondary education is funded through the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The ESEA was designed to address education inequality. -
Period: to
Academic Standards and Testing
State and local academic standards and standards-based testing began, and federal legislation required that states receiving federal aid for education have such academic standards and tests in certain grades. -
A Nation at Risk
U.S. Department of Education report, A Nation at Risk, found that about 13 percent of 17-year-olds were functionally illiterate, SAT scores were dropping, and students needed an increased array of remedial courses in college. -
State of US Education
Swatch introduced its first watch, Microsoft Word was released, and Michael Jackson’s Thriller video hit the airwaves. We also learned that our supposedly world-class system of education was not keeping pace with the progress of other nations. -
A need for Performance Goals
President George H.W. Bush convened a meeting of the nation’s governors in Charlottesville, Va. There they agreed to adopt national K–12 performance goals for the year 2000. -
Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994 and Goals 2000: Educate America Act (1994)
During Bill Clinton’s presidency, Congress passed Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994, which required state academic-content standards and tests, and the Goals 2000: Educate America Act (1994), which provided federal funds to aid states in writing those content standards. -
The National Reading Panel
The National Reading Panel was assembled to review research on reading instruction. The Panel issued its report in 2000, and the report has had a far-reaching impact in the elementary school classroom, particularly on the teaching of struggling readers. -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2002
No Child Left Behind Act of 2002 expanded the grades to be tested and strengthened the accountability attached to test results. As a result of No Child Left Behind, we now have a detailed picture from the school level to the national level of annual student achievement in reading and math. We can readily observe how well various groups of students -
The National Mathematics Advisory Pane
The National Mathematics Advisory Panel issued its report. It evaluated what is known about effectiveness in math instruction. Both of these reports pointed out gaps in our knowledge and recommended additional research. -
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
On, President Barack Obama signed the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), which reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. Developed and passed with strong, bipartisan support, ESSA replaced No Child Left Behind (NCLB) as the nation's main education law. -
ESSA for PA
For Pennsylvania, ESSA presents two important opportunities – the chance to move away from the prescriptive policies and unintended consequences of NCLB, and toward state-level efforts that enjoy broad, bipartisan support, including more equitable and predictable funding for public schools and valid measures of school performance that look beyond standardized test scores.