Education Time Line

Closing the Education Gap: Is Title I working? was written.

2003 BCE

Marvin Kosters and Brent mast wrote Closing the Education gap: Is Title I working. Which demonstrated that the achievement gap between whites and blacks has not closed from 1971-1999 (Easley, 2005).

No Child Left Behind

2001 BCE

ESEA was reauthorized as NCLB by G.W. Bush that centered around accountability and standards. It was designed to publicly praise or admonish schools who met the standards (Easley, 2005).The process joined budget with performance. If the schools were not showing annual progress towards the standards, funding was cut.

Reauthorization of ESEA

1994 BCE

Under Bill Clinton administration the ESEA was reauthorized and called Improving American Schools Act (Easely, 2005).

Reauthorization of ESEA

1988 BCE

Under G.H.W. Bush the ESEA was reauthorized.

NAEP Governing Board established

1988 BCE

NAEP developed a governing board that selected specific subjects to be assessed to determine whether progress was be made with the educational interventions.

A Nation at Risk Published

1983 BCE

A Nation at Risk posited that public education was failing our students in leading them to be competitive in the world market and to sustain the USA world economic power (Easley, 2005).

Department of Education Progress

1980 BCE

Congress passed an act to make the Department of Eduation a cabinet level position in response to the fear induced of losing ground in education compared to other countries (Easely, 2005).

Elementary and Secondary Education Act

1979 BCE

During the presidency of Lyndon Johnson, the ESEA was enacted to provide equal opportunities in education for all children to include poor and minority students (Easley, 2005).

Reauthorization of ESEA

1965 BCE

The ESEA was reauthorized to include more federal funding that served low income children and minorities (Easley, 2005).

National Assessment of Educational Progress developed

1960 BCE

The goal was to keep track of the progress in education of American children. NAEP was reauthorized in 1983 to continue it's efforts.

Sputnik Launching

1957 BCE

The launching of Sputnik caused mass fear of the US losing their ability to be a world power, sparked a reform in education (Easley, 2005).

Brown Vs. Board of Education of Topeka

1954 BCE

This ruling overthrew Plessy Vs. Ferguson by ruling that schools be desegregated in the USA (Easley, 2005).

Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction written

1949 BCE

Tyler greatly influenced the field of curriculum era. Tyler defined curriculum development as a rationale process that emphasized objectives and evaluations, taking into account the students needs and could be applied to a variety of educational situations (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013).

Essentialism

1930 BCE

Essentialism appeared which emphasized the basics in disciplines and skills (Kessinger, 2011). The goal was to prepare competent adults which included knowledge in the 3 R's; liberal arts and science, history, math, language and academic excellence (Kessinger, 2011). Essentialism prompted a new invigoration for educational reform.

Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education published

1918 BCE

The NEA published the Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education that was influenced by Herbert, Flexner, and Dewey (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013). Ultilitarianism began to slowly degrade mental discipline as a form of education.

Smith- Hughes Act

1917 BCE

This act provided federal funding for three vocational degrees; agriculture, home economics, and trades (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013).

A Modern School Written

1916 BCE

Flexure wrote "A Modern School" that rejected traditional curriculum and focused on science, industry, civics, aesthetics and rejected Latin and Greek (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013).

Democracy and Education written

1916 BCE

Dewey wrote Democracy and Education in which he devalued Latin and Greek and posited that scientific inquiry to be the best form of knowledge (Ornstein and Hunkins, 2013). Judd wrote a systematic process of designing curriculum which influenced the next period of educational theory.

Vocational School

1910 BCE

NEA begins to support vocational school.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

1896 BCE

In the judgement of Plessy Vs. Ferguson the schools for blacks and whites would remain separate but equal.

National Education Association

1893 BCE

NEA developed three committees between 1893-1895 to determine the schools curricula (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013). W. Harris and C. Eliot were the leaders of the committees and movement towards standardized education. Eliot was a strong advocate for traditional education and shunned vocational education. Eliot was on all three committees therefore having a tremendous impact on the results.

Field of Curriculum Period

Period: 1880 BCE to 2016 BCE

The field of curriculum developed in the late 1880's and is very much used today. The field of curriculum now involves philosophy, sociology, and political science.

John Hopkins University

1876 BCE

The scope of education began to change. John Hopkins University became the first research university (Goldin & Katz, 1999).

Kalamazoo Case

1874 BCE

Established that the high schools could be paid for by taxes and the states set the minimum standards for high schools and private schools Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013). Academies slowly decreased as high schools became free for all citizens. At this time vocational, industrial, commercial and clerical courses began to be offered in high schools. The new curriculum produced a skilled US workforce and developed nationalism.

Kindergarten

1870 BCE

Kindergarten cam about based on the influence of European education systems. Kindergarten became a formal part of the public school system (Baader, 2004).

Departmetnt of Education Reduced

1868 BCE

Shortly after Johnson developed the Department of Education, there was fear that the states would fight that it takes away the rights of the states in education. For fear of it being abolished, it was reduced to the Office of Education (Easley., 2005).

Department of Education Developed

1867 BCE

During the presidency Andrew Johnson developed the Department of Education

Transitional Period

Period: 1850 BCE to 1949 BCE

During this period education was transitioning, reformers began to push for separate curriculum tracks for students who would complete their education at the secondary level and those who would continue on to high school. Educators again to decline in their belief of traditional education and began subscribing to the theories of psychology and education with influence from theorists such as Dewey, F. Parker, and Gestalt.

Common School Established in Massachusetts

1826 BCE

Common School was established that was law that every town be responsible for local education (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013).

Universal Education

Period: 1800 BCE to 1900 BCE

The idea of universal education for all socioeconomic classes arrived. Stemming from the national period, US believed that in order for US to prosper and succeed, children of all classes should be afforded the same opportunity in education (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013). Elementary, secondary, high school and academies came into the picture. Academics offered greater variation of curricula, with 150 subjects and peaked between 1850-1875.

Noah Webster

1789 BCE

Webster argued that US must have it's own language and have their own culture that is reflected in education. He wrote many books such as "The American Spelling Book", "Spelling Book", and "The American Dictionary" that established America's own language and identity (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013).

National Period

Period: 1770 BCE to 1850 BCE

By 1800's secular forces began to decrease religion in education. The concept of free education was posited for the betterment of the nation. N. Webster assisted in creating US language, a sense of identity and patriotism in the US (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013). W.H. McGuffery developed "The Readers" as a historical education tool that emphasized patriotism, hard work, and moralistic living (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013). Education was being influenced by European educators.

Colonial Period

Period: 1700 BCE to 1850 BCE

Traditional Latin based education was prevalent in the 1700's (Dotzler, 2003). Schools place high priority on religious education, the students were taught with traditional curriculum consisting of reading, writing, math, religious faith and basic morals (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013). No single system of school existed. Books consisted of English origin such as the hornbook, Westminster Catechism, Old Testament and Bible (Ornstein & Hunkins, 2013).

Five New Basics established

Dec 24, 1983

NAEP established the Five New Basics that included minimum standards for students to graduate from high school (Kessinger, 2011).