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Goal was to offer women an education equal to that of men.
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(one of the first women’s magazines). Hale believed women deserved an equal education. Hale began publishing the works of established authors such as Poe, Holmes, and Irving. Hale also advertised colleges that accepted women at the time.
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Called for coeducation in public schools.
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This case was not specifically about religion, or education at all, but Justice Brewer famously said “[America] is a Christian nation,” affirming religion in America, and therefore encouraging religion in all parts of life.
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-Fined teachers for not cooperating
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This case protected students from having to salute the flag. This was especially important for Jehovah's Witnesses.
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Government cannot use taxes to fund religious schools, originally dealing with just school transportation for a Catholic school, but it applies to all areas
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The United Nations declared education to be a human right in Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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Members of multiple faiths combined to form the Champaign Council on Religious Education. They offered voluntary religious education during the school day. The Supreme Court ruled that taxpayer’s money could not be used for religious instruction, and that it violated the Establishment Clause.
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Court found a New York school’s non-denominational prayer at the beginning of the school day unconstitutional
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Spreads to 1993. Supreme Court found that Abington Township School District in Pennsylvania was violating the Constitution because they had students recite Bible verses and the Lord’s Prayer. Murray challenged the requirement of the Baltimore school board that the Lord's Prayer be recited prior to the beginning of the day's classes.
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Affirmative Action programs were created to enforce equality of race and gender in the workforce and in education.
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Laws that ban the teaching of evolution in public schools are unconstitutional.
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Three cases all at once, challenging PA and RI laws. This case set a precedent for all future cases, and established what is known as The Lemon Test. The Court decided that government funded education must: serve a “secular legislative purpose”; it must neither advance nor inhibit religion, and it must not foster “excessive government entanglement with religion.”
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The Supreme Court ruled against a Kentucky statute that wanted the Ten Commandments posted in schools.
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Teaching creationism in schools is unconstitutional
"Teaching a variety of scientific theories about the origins of humankind to school children might be validly done with the clear secular intent of enhancing the effectiveness of science instruction." -
No prayer at graduation
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Under President Bill Clinton, the US Department of Education publishes pamphlet about religion in schools
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The Supreme Court ruled that Virginia Military Institute must accept women.
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NCLB significantly emphasized scientific advancement in students’ educations.
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Intelligent design could not be taught in schools.
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The words “Under God,” could remain in the Pledge, because no statute required students to say the Pledge.