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1st colonial college
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Towns of more than fifty families were required to provide elementary education, and a majority of the adults knew how to read and write. As early as 1636, just eight years after the colony’s founding, the Massachusetts Puritans established Harvard Col- lege, today the oldest corporation in America, to train local boys for the ministry.
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There were 9, Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, Princeton, Pennsylvania, Columbia, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth
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3rd
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4th
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Last colonial college
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Educational opportunities for women expanded, in the expectation that educated wives and mothers could better cultivate the virtues demanded by the Republic in their husbands, daughters, and sons. Republican women now bore crucial responsibility for the survival of the nation.
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1st president
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North Carolina was the first in 1795 and federal land grants nourished the growth of state institutions of higher learning.
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University of Virginia, founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson
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Women’s schools at the secondary level began to attain some respectability in the 1820s, thanks in part to the dedicated work of Emma Willard
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Ohio College jolted traditionalists in 1837 when it opened its doors to women as well as men. (Oberlin had already created shock waves by admitting black students.) In the same year, Mary Lyon established an outstanding women’s school, Mount Holyoke Seminary (later College), in South Hadley, Massachusetts.
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Oberlin College (1837) is first co-ed institution
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Founded by William Barton Rogers 2 days before the civil war started
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Emancipation also meant education for many blacks. Learning to read and write had been a privi- lege generally denied to them under slavery. Freed- men wasted no time establishing societies for self-improvement, which undertook to raise funds to purchase land, build schoolhouses, and hire teachers.In North Carolina educa- tion society asserted that “a schoolhouse would be the first proof of their independence.”
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Separate but Equal facilities was constitutional.
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Women’s colleges such as Vassar were gaining ground, and universities open to both genders were blossoming, notably in the Midwest. By 1900 every fourth college graduate was a woman.
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Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, separate facilities couldn't be equal.
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Desegregation in a highschool where 9 african american students enrolled. Ike sent troops to protect them,
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By the turn of the century as well, the black institutes and academies planted during Reconstruction had blossomed into a crop of southern black colleges. Howard University in Washington, D.C., Hampton Institute in Virginia, Atlanta University, and numer- ous others nurtured higher education for blacks until the civil rights movement of the 1960s made attendance at white institutions possible.
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1972 Congress passed Title IX of the Education Amendments, prohibiting sex discrimination in any federally assisted education program or activity.
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By the 1990s colleges were awarding nearly a million degrees a year, and one person in four in the twenty-five-to-thirty-four- year-old age group was a college graduate. This expanding mass of educated people lifted the econ- omy to more advanced levels while creating con- sumers of “high culture.”
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In 1990 Bush’s Department of Education challenged the legality of college scholarships targeted for racial minorities. Bush repeatedly threatened to veto civil rights legislation that would make it easier for employees to prove discrimination in hiring and promotion practices.
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