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Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a German monk and a theologian. He disagreed on many matters with the Roman Catholic Church which led him to rewrite the New Testament from Latin to German. In doing this, he sparked an interest in others and soon it was written in English and French. He supported the founding of schools in order to teach children how to read. -
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Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi was an educator who thought that children were at their best when they learned through sensory exploration. He created "object lessons", which are manipulatives that help children learn to count, feel, measure, and touch. He opened an institute in 1805 and applied his teaching methods there. The school became very successful and he still to this day has education centers in Europe named after him. -
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Robert Owen
Robert Owen strongly believed that children should begin education at a very young age. He established the first Infant School in Great Britian with children ranging from ages 1 to 10 years old. He encouraged social interactions and expression through dance and music. Although his methods weren't appreciated much back then, centers now focus more on the social aspects of learning and most require music as part of their daily routine. -
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Friedrich Froebel
Friedrich Froebel created a set of 10 different manipulatives for children. He separated them into two categories, "gifts" and "occupations." Gifts help the children learn about things such as colors, numbers, shapes, and sizes. Occupations assist in creating different skills. -
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Maria Montessori
Maria Montessori is a widely known figure in the Early Childhood Education field. She created the Montessori method focusing primarily on educating through the child's senses. She felt strongly about helping children who were deaf, paralyzed, or mentally handicapped. Maria believed that they could be educated versus requiring medical attention, and could learn if approached in a way they would understand. -
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Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow was a psychologist who created the Self-Actualization Theory which has six steps. Life essentials, safety and security, belonging and love, achievement and prestige, aesthetic needs, and self-actualization. He felt if the childrens basic needs were met they would be more apt to learning and have a higher sense of self-esteem. -
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Howard Gardner
Howard Gardner is a psychologist that discovered that people can have "multiple intelligences" and can learn things in a variety of methods. He found 9 different ways which are visual/spatial, verbal/linguistic, mathematical/logical, bodily/kinesthetic, musical/rhythmic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist, and existentialist. -
The Economic Opportunity Act
Put in motion by President Lyndon B. Johnson, The Economic Opportunity Act created many programs to aid people living in poverty. The Head Start Program by far was the most successful and the Act was later renamed the Head Start Act of 1981. Today there are thousands of acclaimed Head Start centers all over the United States. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act requires that states meet the set standards of what children should know at certain ages. The schools that have high test scores receive government funding. This Act assists in helping all children who are disabled, living in poverty, neglected, or any other reason related to them not receiving a proper education. Every child has the opportunity to be educated as much as the next.
