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Approximately 4.6 billion years ago, the solar system was still a cloud of dust and gas called the solar nebula. Then, small particles clump together due to the force of gravity, eventually forming planets like the Earth.
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Approximately 4.5 billion years ago, a mars-sized planetesimal crashed into Earth. Vaporized chunks of the young Earth was bounded together by gravity, forming the moon.
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The Earth cooled from the outside, and the hot core is what allows Earth to be geologically active. Heat can escape from volcanos induced by meteorite impacts.
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The Late Heavy Bombardment was a period known for its increased intense impacts in the inner solar system.
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The Earth went through a melton stage, where heavier materials such as iron and nickel sank inwards to form the core.