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Nicholas Copernicus produced the Heliocentric Model of the solar system, to which the catholic church responded by banning his works
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Tycho Brahe was known for his planetary observations.
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Galileo is known for discovering four of the Jovian moons. He also observed the Moon, drawing it's many craters and eventually studied sunspots. Which caused him to learn the hard way that studying the sun would lead to blindness.
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Johannes Kepler created the Laws of Planetary motion.
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Cassini discovered Saturn moons Iapetus and Rhea. He also discovered what is now known as the cassini division in saturn's rings.
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Isaac Newton is most widely known for his laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation. He remains one of the most widely known people in history.
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Edmond Halley is known for computing the orbit of the comet now named after him, Halley's Comet. Most people know of him due to this comet's name but ironically and contrary to popluar belief, he didn't actually discover the comet.
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Charles Messier is known for his astronomical catalogue. He also discovered various things previously unknown to people, now called Messier Objects. One such object is the Ring Nebula.
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Discovered the planet Uranus and it's moons Titania and Oberon. He also discovered infrared radiation and the NGC 2683 Galaxy.
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She was known for her stellar classification. Sadly, not many people today know her name or what she did.
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Einstein, probably the most widely known name on Earth is famous for his general theory of relativity and othersuch brilliance.
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Edwin Hubble is today known to most people as being the person the Hubble Space Telescope was named after. He researched the velocity of galaxies and found that they increase with the distance from Earth. He was a major part of Extragalactical Astronomy.
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Frank Drake was the founder of SETI (Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence) and created the Drake Equation. The Drake Equation predicts the number of habitable worlds and possible amount of intelligent alien civilizations.
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Known for so many things. His TV series, Cosmos, his work on the Pioneer Plaque, Voyager and the Golden Record. Worked out the surface temperature of Venus and research of Extraterrestrial life.
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One of the most brilliant scientists alive, he is known for his theories on Gravitational Singularities, quantum mechanics and black hole radiation. (Hawking Radiation)
