-
Jan 1, 1483
Martin Luther, Education Reformation
The beginning of the sixteen century was in dire need of education reformation. There was close to no existence of a school system and children with any education were wealthy or royal. By the end of the sixteenth century, Luther's hopes of reformation of the public education system came true. -
Friedrich Froebel, Garden of Children
Froebel started his teaching career in a middle school based on the teachings of Johann Pestalozzi. Froebel responded by using "hands-on learning" with his next job as a private tutor. In the late 1830's, Froebel founded what we know now as kindergarten, a "self-activity" class called Garden of Children for students under the age of seven in need of a free range educational environment. -
John Dewey, Progressive Education Movement
Unlike most classrooms at the time, Dewey believed that all children learn from everyday experiences. Playing and doing chores was crucial in Dewey's eye to the development of a child. This changed education from a teacher-based focus to completed child-centered education with exploration and various activities. -
Maria Montessori, The Montessori Method
Montessori spent most of her life as the first female doctor in Italy, working with mentally disabled children at the University of Rome. She believed that one needs to teach the senses before teaching the mind. After implicating her theory, her disabled students read and tested at the same level as students in public education at the same age. -
Jean Piaget, Theory of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget ultimately changed what we know about how children learn. By interviewing hundreds of students, Piaget found a pattern as to why students were getting answers wrong and how to correct it. He then went on to publish his findings as the "Four Stages of Development." -
Lev Vygotsky, Sociocultural Theory
Educator and psychologist, Lev Vygotsky was interested in how child development resulted from the interactions with the social environment. Vygotsky believed the relationships with parents, siblings, teachers, and peers affected how children gained and retained knowledge. He studied the effects of relationships between children and significant objects such as books and toys. He proved the theory that "children's development occurs spontaneously and cannot be affected by education," was wrong. -
Abraham Maslow, Maslow's Hiearchy of Needs
Maslow was very intrigued by what motivated people. He believed that reward or desire wasn’t always the main cause. Maslow invented the five stages of motivational needs now known as Maslow’s Hierarchy. It states that a child’s physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs have to be met before they can perform at their very best. -
Albert Bandura, Bobo Doll Experiment
Bandura began a study watching children. He noticed that children inhabited some of the behaviors seen by social interaction. Many times, a child will obtain habits familiar to those of their friends and family. The Bobo Doll Experiment proved that children are very observant to the world around them and are highly influenced by outside sources. -
Howard Gardener, Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Gardener was the first to recognize all students did not learn the same way. He published the list of eight multiple intelligences with a recent ninth addition. Gardener believed each student fell into one of the categories: verbal-linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical-rhythmic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, or environmental-naturalist. It was later discovered one child could fit into multiple intelligences.
