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Theodore Schwan proposed that all animal tissues are composed of cells (Biology)
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“Oregon Fever” gripped a nation as people started heading west (Oregon Trail)
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“The Great Famine” (Irish Potato Famine) in Ireland
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First surgery done under anesthesia by Robert Liston
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Charlotte Bronte published Jayne Eyre
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Lord Kelvin discovers the absolute zero point of temperature (Physics)
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Fizeau and Foucault measure the speed of light in water and find that it is slower than in air, in support of the wave model of light (Physics)
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Nathaniel Hawthorne published The Scarlet Letter
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Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin
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Gregor Mendel proposed that inheritance in pea plants follows specific rules (Biology)
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Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace propose the theory of evolution by natural selection (Biology)
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Liston starts work for Erichsen and an epidemic of infections breaks out in his ward
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Louis Pasteur publishes his paper on fermentation
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1864 Lister experiments with a chemical antiseptic (carbolic acid) on wounds and notices a dramatic decrease of infections
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Lister publishes “On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery” in the British Medical Journal
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Robert Koch begins work on anthrax
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Lord Kelvin formally states the second law of thermodynamics that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases, because isolated systems always evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium—the state with the maximum possible entropy (Physics)
