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In 1803, John Dalton proposed the Atomic Theory.
"Atomic Theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms, as opposed to the earlier concept which held that matter could be divided into any arbitrarily small quantity."
Dalton also published his first periodic table that had relative atomic weights (H, O, N, C, S, P). -
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In 1904, Hantaro Nagaoka developed an early model of the atom which was similar to the planet Saturn and its rings; the reason it was named the Saturnian model. -
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In 1906, J.J. Thomson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the electron and his work in the conductivity of gases. -
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In 1908, Ernest Rutherford received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations in the disintegration of elements and chemistry of radioactive substances. -
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In 1911, Hans Geiger and John Mitchell Nutall discovered the Geiger-Nutall Law and performed experiments that led to Rutherford's Atomic Model. -
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In 1918, Max Planck received the Nobel Prize in Physics for originating the Quantum Theory. -
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In 1921, Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect." -
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In 1922, Niels Bohr received the Nobel Prize for his contributions in the understanding of Atomic Structure and Quantum Mechanics. -
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In 1923, Robert Andrews Millikan took sole credit for presenting the measurement of a single electron and received the Nobel Prize for this reason (granted, his graduate student, Harvey Fletcher had assisted Millikan with the findings). -
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In 1935, James Chadwick received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the Neutron.
