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Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference between the major powers of Europe. It provided a peace plan that reconstituted the European powers and settled issues that arose from the French Revolutionary Wars. It restored old boundaries and balanced the main powers in Europe to ensure peace. It decided the political situation in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon and reverted France back to its borders prior to the Napoleonic Wars. It resulted in the Treaty of Vienna. -
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The Concert of Europe
The Concert of Europe was a political framework established by the Quadruple Alliance. It was created to ensure that there was a balance of powers between the major nations of Europe. It created peace and stability after the Napoleonic Wars. It ended with the outbreak of World War I. The Concert of Europe had frequent meetings to discuss common interests and to maintain the peace of Europe. They also had a method of dispute resolution. The Great Powers could not challenge each other. -
Battle of Waterloo
The Batte of Waterloo was the official defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte. It ended France's attempts to dominate Europe and fully removed Napoleon from power permanently. The battle was between Napoleon's French Army and Duke Wellington (UK) and Marshal Blücher (Prussia). -
First meeting of the Concert of Europe
The first meeting of the Concert led to the admittance of France to the Concert. It also refined diplomatic rules and discussed international questions. The Concert would meet in order to ensure that there would be results to important international disputes and that all of the Great Powers agreed with the outcomes. The first meeting was held at Aix-la-Chapelle, which is now part of Germany. They would then meet in order to respond to crises. These meetings ceased after 1822. -
Independence of Greece
Russia invaded the Ottoman Empire, forcing them to accept terms of Greece being independent, through the Treaty of Adrianople, in the year 1829. Greece was officially recognised as an independent nation in the year 1830. -
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Unification of Italy
Italian states became unified as one nation. The Franco-Austrian War was a major factor that pushed Italy to unify as one nation. It began in 1848 and finished in around 1871. -
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Crimean War
The Crimean War was the dispute in which Russia lost to an alliance between France, the Ottoman Empire, the United Kingdom, and Sardinia. It began as Russia demanded the rights of Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman Sultan and Christian minorities in Palestine (which was in the Ottoman Empire). The Crimean War was the end of the first phase of the Concert of Europe. This war ended with the Congress of Paris, which was when the great powers of Europe made peace three years after the war broke out. -
Congress of Paris
This was the Congress that took place to put an end to the Crimean War. This is often marked as the beginning of the second phase of the Concert of Europe. -
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Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War erupted from the rivalry between Austria and Prussia. There was a Prussian victory, leading to the Prussian dominance over German states. There was a major power shift in the ruling of German states away from Austria and towards Prussia. The war was engineered by Otto Von Bismark, Former Minister-President of Prussia, in order to further Prussia's supremacy in Germany and lower the influence of Austria. -
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Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War, occurring between France and Prussia, happened due to a dispute over the Spanish succession. This raised the possibility of Spanish and Prussia joining against France. -
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Second phase of the Concert of Europe
The second phase of the Concert of Europe occurred after the Crimean War. This period saw peace between the Great Powers, as the conference system for dispute resolution, first set up after the beginning of the Concert of Europe, was revived. This period of time also faced many issues with colonialism. Also, during this period, there were many factors contributing to the split of the Great Powers, as the alliances for the Great War had set themselves up. This disrupted their balance of power. -
Unification of Germany
Occurring after the Franco-Prussian war, independent German States unified to form the German Empire. This occurred in the Palace of Versailles, in France -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The official beginning of World War I. Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Slavic Nationalist Activist -
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The Great War/World War I
The Great War, also known as World War I, was the end of the Concert of Europe. It split apart due to disagreement, starting the outbreak of the War.