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Cosmotology
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1950s Ponytail
Post WWII, the 1950s were a time of "dynamic conservatism," shown not only in the President's policies, but also in the culture of America. Hairstyles and makeup are not excluded from this, exemplified through the wide array of new hairstyles that gave women more choices to express themselves. -
The first cosmetics were likely mud and urine.
Ancient hunters would smear mud over their faces for camouflage, protection from the elements, and to reduce sun glare. They would also cover themselves in animal urine to mask their human scent from prey. The tribe members who were best at finding and mixing these materials were the first cosmetologists -
Hair dye used to be made of arsenic and leeches.
People thought blond hair was the most beautiful, so they devised a primitive hair dye using plant extracts and toxic arsenic. Cosmetologists made black hair dye by feeding leeches, putting them in vinegar, letting it ferment for months, and then applying it as a paste. Women had to let the leech mixture sit in their hair for a full day to achieve the right effec -
JOSEPH R. MCCARTHY
CONTENTS
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During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the prospect of communist subversion at home and abroad seemed frighteningly real to many people in the United States. These fears came to define–and, in some cases, corrode–the era’s political culture. For many Americans, the most enduring symbol of this “Red Scare” was Republican Senator Joseph P. McCarthy of Wisconsin. Senator McCarthy spent almost five years trying in vain to expose communists and other left- -
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Nearly 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans in Southern states still inhabited a starkly unequal world of disenfranchisement, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. “Jim Crow” laws at the local and state levels barred them from classrooms and bathrooms, from theaters and train cars, from juries and legislatures. In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the “separate but equal -
The First Cosmetics and Cosmeticians
The first cosmetics were probably used by ancient tribal hunters. By smearing ash under their eyes, the glare from the sun was reduced. By smearing their bodies with animal urine, their smell was altered. Though primitive, these practices likely led to cosmetics ideas such as eyeliner and perfume. The first people to excel at making and applying these products were actually the first cosmetologists. -
Marianne Grunberg Manago and Severo Ochoa Nucleic Acid
Marianne Grunberg-Manago and Severo Ochoa discovered the first nucleic-acid-synthesizing enzyme (polynucleotide phosphorylase), which links nucleotides together into polynucleotides. -
Nails
Manicures matched the popular lipstick shade in the 1950's: Red. Red half moon nails, which is when you only paint the top half of the nail, were extremely popular in the 50's. -
Russian Red
the most popular lip shade. Heavy makeup was worn throughout the 50's, Liz Taylor was not only a fashion icon of the 50's, but had the look and makeup everyone desired. Her red lip stick, powdered face, and heavy dark eye makeup was desirable. -
The Start of the 1950's Trends
With the crash of the Stock Market in 1958 came and end to the Roaring 20's as well. Tremendous spending was going to soon come to a halt and many turned to a low spending philosophy. This led many to change their attitude and views about hair and makeup. The flapper, sever and boyish look, was out- Soft and feminine, was in. -
Makeup
Pale skin remained a trend for the independent women of the 1959, however, Coco Chanel's new tan trend was still around! Heavy face powders were used, usually natural complexion or very pale. Some people even used bleach creams on their faces to create this look. Pink, light red, and sometimes browns were some of the powder rogues (blushes) used in the 1930's. -
Youth-Inspired makeup by the baby boomers
The Feminist movement moved some women to wear less make up so they wouldn't be seen as a "sex object" while others wore a lot of makeup as a "badge of honor." -
Elnett Hairspray is launched
Compared with the gooey lacquer of its predecessors, its fine mist is a revolution in professional and home hairstyling -
Fragerance
Givenchy introduces its first fragrance, L'Interdit, with Audrey Hepburn fronting the campaign - the first celebrity to be the face of a perfume -
VIETNAM WAR
The Vietnam War was a long, costly armed conflict that pitted the communist regime of North Vietnam and its southern allies, known as the Viet Cong, against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. The divisive war, increasingly unpopular at home, ended with the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 1973 and the unification of Vietnam under Communist control two years later. More than 3 million people, including 58,000 Americans, were killed in the conflict. -
Death of the President
Crowds of excited people lined the streets and waved to the Kennedys. The car turned off Main Street at Dealey Plaza around 12:30 p.m. As it was passing the Texas School Book Depository, gunfire suddenly reverberated in the plaza.
Bullets struck the president's neck and head and he slumped over toward Mrs. Kennedy. The governor was also hit in the chest. -
People were literally dying for beauty products in 1960s France
Members of the elite class would use belladonna drops to dilate their pupils, which was considered very attractive. Unfortunately, belladonna is also known as night shade and is incredibly toxic. Women also used a lead-based face paint known as ceruse to achieve a pale complexion. Unaccounted numbers of people died from lead poisoning by using ceruse. Also around this time, women would build their elaborate hairstyles onto giant scaffolds that towered above their heads. These structures were so -
Cosmetics giant Maybelline is named after Vaseline
In 1965 cosmetic scientist T.L. Williams named his company “Maybelline after his sister Maybel and Vaseline brand petroleum jelly, which was the key ingredient in his new mascara formula. -
Twiggy
Twiggy's elfin crop helps her become the Face of 1966 -
World War II nurses were encouraged to wear lipstick even on the front lines
The U.S. government encouraged women serving in the armed forces to wear lipstick, even as they were camping for months on the edge of active battle zones. The government pushed for this to keep the social barriers for women in place: they were ladies first and military second. While this purpose of this regulation may have been misguided, many nurses reported wearing lipstick did help them keep some sense of normalcy in the face of death and destruction. -
The female body
Female ideals consisted of very slight, slim figures, with short pixie crops and heavy eye make up. The fashion encouraged women to look like young girls, with short shift dresses showing off full legs, and boxed jackets not allowing the waist to be cinched in. Most women wanted a boyish frame with fashion models becoming slim for the first time since the 1920’s female ideal. The contrast from 1950-1960’s was evidently huge and could be considered one of the biggest changes in the ever-changing -
Hippies
Hippies went for long no-maintenance hairstyles and typically avoided makeup. More modern ’60s girls, conversely, opted for short pixie cuts and dramatic eyes. Fake eyelashes were a must-have, and mascara was applied to achieve the popular tarantula lashes. -
The ideal look
The 1970’s again promoted the female body ideal as slim and slender. This image shows a 1970’s fashion model, showing less skin and flesh than a 1960’s model but still with an innocent look. However, the late seventies allowed women to dress with freedom and with maxi dresses and flares being high on the fashion front, women were able to cover many parts of their body with voluminous clothing and long tousled hair. The unkempt look was popular and ‘bed-head’ hair was seen for the first time, in -
A new Look In the 1970s
The freewheeling 1960s forever changed the way women viewed their bodies, and by the 1970s, the thinking-thin phenomenon was in full force. Clothing was sexy and disco-ready, with lots of wrap-style dresses, oversize sunglasses, and high-waist jeans, and most women aspired to emulate the ultra-glam ‘Studio 54′ look popularized by Bianca Jagger. -
Cream de la Mer
The Nasa scientist Dr Max Huber creates a cream designed to help heal skin burns. It will become Crème de la Mer -
First Black Model covering American Vogue
Beverly Johnson becomes the first black model to grace the cover of American Vogue -
L'Oreal Because Your Worth It
L'Oréal launches its famous Because You're Worth It campaign -
Jeff Pink's Paris visit
The first French manicure is created by Orly . Its name is inspired by a visit to Paris by the company's American founder, Jeff Pink -
Lauren Hutton with Revlon
Lauren Hutton signs a six-figure annual contract with Revlon - the first of its kind -
Friedrich Wolff first sunbeds
While studying how ultraviolet light can benefit athletes, the German scientist Friedrich Wolff notices a side effect: tanned skin. He takes the concept to America and paves the way for the first sunbeds -
How to portray yourself
The 1980’s female ideal often celebrated the legs, with very high cut swimwear and underwear. Shoulder pads were worn to emphasise the new power that some women had in their careers. -
History of HIV & AIDS in the U.S.
The history of HIV and AIDS in the USA began in 1981, when the United States of America became the first country to officially recognise a strange new illness among a small number of gay men. Today, it is generally accepted that the origin of AIDS probably lies in Africa. However, the USA was the first country to bring AIDS into the public consciousness and the American reaction undoubtedly contributed to the establishment of AIDS as one of the most politicised, feared and controversial diseases -
Adam Ant and Boy George experimental make-up
Men such as Adam Ant and Boy George set a trend for bold, experimental make-up in the early 1980s -
Go Crazy With Eyeliner
Loads of eyeliner was also popular in the 1980s. Apply black eyeliner to both your upper and lower lash lines. Go over the eyeliner with black eye shadow to make it last longer. -
Mac different range of colours for make-up
Mac launches as a professional range of colours for make-up artists at fashion shows, a departure from the heavy, cakey make-up previously used -
Heavy blush and colorful makeup
Heavy blush was very in style in the 1980s. When women went out, they wanted you to notice how bright and bold their blush was. Apply a hot pink blush along your cheekbones with a blush brush. Dust a highlighting powder on top of your cheekbones with a powder brush. -
Don't Forget the False Eyelashes
A 1980s makeup look would not be complete without false eyelashes. Put a thin line of glue on the false eyelashes and apply them as close to your natural eyelashes as you can. -
Botox
Botox wins medical approval for treating eye conditions such as crossed eyes. An interesting side effect - temporarily softened wrinkles - changes its primary purpose -
Beauty Retrospective: The Natural 90s
In contrast with the anything goes makeup of the 1970s and 1980s, the 90s seem relatively tame in comparison. No more were bright green shadows and fuchsia lips en vogue, as the 90s saw an influx in the popularity of matte colours, carefully tended skin and natural brows. For those of us who spent our childhoods and teen years during the last decade of the 20th century, it’s almost difficult to see the period as one of great cosmetic progress given the fact that many of the trends we remember tw -
A brand of eyeshadow
The 1990s gave birth to popular brands such as Stila, Urban Decay and Hard Candy, all of which made a name for themselves with their eyeshadows. While shimmer was not uncommon—just look at the Spice Girls—matte, earth-toned shades were in. Select a matte brown colour and an illuminating cream. Enhance your 90s inspired brows by applying the cream shade on the brow bone just beneath the arch with a fluffy brush, as well as at the inner corner of the eye. Run the matte, soft brown in the crease to -
Natural blush
While contouring was not yet a household term twenty years ago, matte neutral blush shades exaggerated cheekbones and did not compete with full matte pouts. While a thick line of blush was often applied just beneath or above the cheekbone the look was often severe and unnatural. Apply a matte shade such as NARS Douceur to the tops of your cheekbones and blend carefully just as you would with any shade today.
