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Big trade items of the Olmec were obsidian and jade showing WHAP Theme 4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems. Another interesting part of the society was the making of their huge heads from basalt rock. The name Olmec itself is not what they called themselves but a name given to them that means "Rubber People."
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This dynasty was the origin of "the mandate of heaven" that justified the overturning of following dynasties; WHAP Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict appears with this justification for new empires in the future. They also had a decentralized administration and entrusted power into subordinates, but this lead to the downfall of the Zhou dynasty and WHAP Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict is shown with the political structure they used to control the empire.
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This cult in South America rose around maize showing the importance of this crop to WHAP Theme 4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems. It promoted fertility and abundant harvests in the Andes. This civilization had ceremonial centers instead of true cities too.
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800-338 B.C.E. was polis then Philip II and Alexander of Macedon ruled the Greek empire
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Founding of Rome according to tradition to the collapse of the western Roman empire.
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Ruled by the Achaemenid (558-330 B.C.E.), Seleucid (323-83 B.C.E.), Parthian (247 B.C.E.-224 C.E.), and Sasanid (224-651 C.E.) dynasties, Persia heavily influenced the classic world.
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Cyrus started the vast Persian and Achaemenid empire conquering that at one point stretched all the way from Egypt to the Hindu Kush mountain range. This showed WHAP Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict since he was known for expanded his empire.
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Darius strengthened and expanded the Achamedian empire of Persia and made Persepolis the capital. This is clearly an example of WHAP Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict since he expanded the Persian empire.
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Rome was an aristocratic republic with no representation for the lower class. This shows WHAP Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict with the formation of the republic political structure.
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The outnumbered Athenians defeated the Persian army at this turning point in the Persian Wars that helped the Greeks win. WHAP Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict is clearly shown with the conflict between Greece and Persia. Additionally, a CCOT of war and the development of it over time was shown.
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With Socrates (posed questions and put honor above everything), Plato (Forms of Ideas that said there is more then one world), and Aristotle (believed that philosophers should use their senses to get accurate information and reasoning to sort out mysteries), Greek philosophy influenced European and Islamic societies for hundreds of years well after the fall of the empire.
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Sparta fought Athens mainly because of Athens use of money in the Delian League and defeated Athens. However, this weakened Greece making it relatively easy for Philip II of Macedon to conquer the region. WHAP Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict is shown in this with the expansion of Macedon and the conflict of the Peloponnesian War. Also, a CCOT of war and the development of it over time was shown, with Greek city states fighting Persia and then fighting each other.
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Started the Maurya dynasty by taking advantage of the power vacuum left my Alexander of Macedon and WHAP Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict fits perfectly since Chandragupta expanded.
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Originally known for conquering, Ashoka decided later to convert to Buddhism and was known for his diplomacy and edicts that gave people and animals welfare. Both WHAP Theme 3 and 4 fit with this since Ashoka expanded at first and then focused on his socialist economic policy of welfare.
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This dynasty was a short dynasty that brought an end to the Period of Warring States with their legalist policies. Additionally, the emperor declared himself the First Emperor and ordered some of the construction of the Great Wall of China. These things show WHAP Theme 3 and 4 with the end of the Period of Warring States, a big conflict, and forcing people to labor on the Great Wall of China.
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Between 9 C.E. and 25 C.E. there was a break between the Former Han and the Later Han when Wang Mang ruled.
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China benefited from long distance trade over the silk roads especially of the roads' name sake product, silk, in the second century B.C.E. The silk industry in China's Han dynasty had people carefully watching and breeding silkworms. WHAP Theme 4: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems is shown because the silk industry was a huge part of China's economy and trade.
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This started the dictatorial rule and made Rome into an empire instead of a republic. This is an example of WHAP Theme 3 since he expanded Rome into an empire. Additionally, before and after his rule there were civil wars in Rome showing the CCOT of war before/ during and after his rule.
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Named after the headdress that showed the status of the peasants who rebelled because of the tax burdens that were shifted to them, this was one of the many factors that lead to the collapse of the Han dynasty. This is a good example of WHAP Theme 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict because the revolt is a conflict.
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The Mayan had city states unlike other classical civilizations. These city states constantly fought with each other and had mysterious disappearances. Only after the classical era did the Chichén Itzá rulers manage to create a larger political framework. WHAP Theme 3 is shown here with the different political structure of city states.
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They dominated the Ganges valley becoming intermediaries. They also brought back Pataliputra as a capital and center of commerce of an empire. After the Gupta dynasty South Asia returned to smaller kingdoms and stayed that way for centuries. The trade that went through Pataliputra is an instance of WHAP Theme 4 showing the economic interactions of cultures.
