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Congress of Racial Equality Founded (CORE)
- Civil Rights : goal to protect individuals freedom from the government
- A group of students founded it
- counseled migrants and black social workers -1st action: sit-in at segregated coffee shop
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Dodgers hire Jackie Robinson
- Color line: A standard that separated whites from non-whites
- Jackie Robinson and the Brooklyn Dodgers
- Jackie was the first major black baseball player
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Executive Order 9981
Segregation: separating different racists and community
- Harry S. Truman
- ended military segregation -
Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
-Thurgood Marshall, argued for Brown in the case. NAACP's lawyer
-Linda Brown wanted to go to a white school closer to home, argued in court
- Public Schools became de-segregated -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (start)
Boycott: not giving any business to a certain thing for a certain reason
Rosa Parks: A black woman who had started the boycott by not standing up on the bus for a white man All of the black people would not ride the bus after Rosa had been arrested for sitting on the bus. The people would not ride the bus but would walk or catch a cab to their workplace -
Integration of Central High School
Little Rock Nine: it was 9 black students that were the first to attend Central High School The governor did not support the Little Rock Nine going to an all white school. The governor had troops stand outside the high school to show that he did not want the kids to go in. -
First Lunch counter Sit-in
Jim Crow Laws & Sit-in : laws that contribute to racial segregation in the southern U.S. Sit-ins: where colored people would go and sit at a place that wouldn't serve them.
- Four black students, later on there were more and more people that joined the sit ins. It became a nationwide civil rights movement.
- Finally the restaurant, Woolworths, had served the students. Then a Nashville -
Freedom Rides
Civil Disobedience: Nonviolently not obeying a law
SNCC: Organization of a bunch of college kids who did lunch sit-ins 7 black kids and 2 whites kids were riding a bus across state and were attacked by a white mob. The mob had continued to terrorize them to the point of where they threw a firebomb into the bus and as the students were running out of the bus they were beaten. -
Birmingham campaign
SCLC : African American Civil Rights organization
-Martin Luther King was the leader
- In the end of all the campaigns the city gave in and made a deal to desegregate all the public facilities after 90 days -
March on Washington
NAACP: an organization to help colored people to have equal opportunities. More than 250,000 people marched to Washington to protest unfair treatment against african americans on the war industries. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Plessy v. Ferguson : landmark for constitutional law for the supreme court that upheld racial differences
- Lyndon B. Johnson
- an act was passed that made it so there could be no more discrimination with race, sex, religion, and national orgin -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
Nation of Islam, Malcom X : a black religious group that believed to keep separate from the whites. It was colored people who started the Advocate. They had started only Black businesses, schools and communities. They wanted to be be by them selves with the other blacks, no whites. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
disenfranchise: having the right to vote taken away
Colored people had started their protest for them to be able to vote, it took several month but in August of 1965 the Voting Act was passed. -
Black Panther Party Founded
Black Power:
A group of colored people that set out to get a message out. " we want freedom" " we want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community" By the 1970's the organization had fallen apart -
Regents of the Universty of California vs. Bakke
Affirmative action: more and more minorities in a workplace it was in the Supreme court for seeing if race could determine if that would person would get into college. In the end of the court they had decided that Race could determine if you got into the school -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on, color of skin, gender, and culture MLK was trying to get the colored people economic equality. When blacks found a home they liked the banks would not give them the loan they needed nor would the white landlords let them move in. Later on the an Act was passed where they could be no discrimination in the housing placement -
Swann v. Charlotee Mecklenburg Borad of Education
desegregation: ending of a policy of racial segregation The supreme court -
Watts Riot
Kerner Commission:Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders that concluded that white racism was the fundamental cause of the Watts riot
Ghettos: part of city where a certain set of people live. It was a riot in the ghettos with the african americans. It had last 6 days, neighborhoods were vandalized and robbed. over 200 people were injured from the riot.
