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Dwight D. Eisenhower's Presidency
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Brown vs. Board of Education- court case
A little girl named Linda Brown had to walk six blocks to her bus stop to go to school. While there was an all white school seven blocks away. So they sued so she could attend the all white school. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This event was a protest against racial segregation on the public bus system in Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa Parks participated in this boycott by refusing to give up her seat in the front of the bus and move to the back of the bus. After she was arrested, many African American ministors created the Montgomery Improvement Association. Martin Luther King Jr. led this group. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Martin Luther King Jr. formed this organization with other civil rights leaders. The purpose was "to carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class citizenship." The president of the SCLC, Martin Luther King Jr, used his powerful voice to win the support of African Americans. -
Little Rock Arkansas- boycott
Nine African Americans volunteered to integrate Little Rock's Central High School. But the Governer of Arkansas ordered the National Guard to stop them, but a federal judge ordered to let them in. Facing abusive crowds the students walked in, still taking abuse throughout the year. The National guard was ordered by Eisenhower to help these student's. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Gave the Attorney General power over school desegregation. Gave federal government greater power over school's desegregation.Gave federal government jurisdiction over violations -
Congress of Racial Equality-Sit ins of the 1960's
Black protestors would sit down in 'white only' restaurants and refused to leave until served. Camera's would show up and cover the protest, then the managers would call police and would arrest or abuse the protestors. Its had descended to the North and to the south but had desegregated lunch counters in 48 cities and 11 states. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee-protest
Ella Baker helped the students of Shaw University in North Carolina organize a national protest group. These African American students felt that the change since the Brown decision was moving too slow. Even though they were at risk of losing scholorships andbeing expelled, they continued to challenge the school system. -
Freedom Riders
James Peck joined other Congress of Racial Eqaulity members on a bus trip across the South, On this trip, they would test the Supreme Courts decisions on banning segregated seating. They wanted to provoke a violent response to force the Kennedy administration to enforce he law. There were many violent beatings against Peck and other Freedom Riders which ended up frocing the Kennedy Administration to send 400 U.S. Marshalls to protect the riders on their final journey to Jackson, Mississippi. -
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John F. Kennedy's Presidency
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University of Mississippi- Riot/boycott
James Merideth and Air Force veteran won a federal case to allow him to enroll at Ole Miss. But when he got there Governor Ross Barret refused to allow him in. JFK ordered to allow him in sending marshalls, then the governor spoke on the radio saying that they'll never give up. Riots broke out resulting in two deaths and two hundred arrest. -
Birmingham, Alabama
Due to the large amount of racial violence in Birmingham Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth, head of the Alabama Christian movement for Human rights and secretary of SCLC, decided to invite Martin Luther King Jr. and the SCLC to help desegregate the city. After several demonstrations MLKwas arrested on Apirl 12th, Good Friday, He posted bail on April 20th. After conitnued protests Birmingham officials decided to end segregation. -
March on Washington
250,000 people including 75,000 whites marched to the capital. Assembling at the Washington monument and to the Lincoln Memorial. People demanded to the passage of the civil rights bill. There MLK spoke his famous "I have a Dream" speech. -
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Lyndon B. Johnson's Presidency
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Freedom Summer-assasination/organized events
Civil Rights recruited college students to help register Mississippi voters. Three civil rights workers disappeared, learning later that klansmembers and police had murdered the men who were white. Through out the summer there were many racial beatings -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
President Johnson signed this act which prohibited descrimination because of race, religion, national origin, and gender. It gave all citizens to enter all public facilities. -
Selma Campaign
This event was a civil rights march, which took place from Selma to Montgomery. 600 marchers protested the death of Jimmie Lee and were attacked by localpolice. This day was named "Bloody Sunday". After reaching Montgomery the route they took became known as "Selma to Montgomery Voting RIghts trail." -
Voting Rights Act of 1965- Act
Eliminated so-called literacy test that disqualified many voters. Percentage of African American voters tripled in the south, it marked a major Civil Rights victory
