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the issue with this case was regarding Segregation in public schools. May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court ruled
unanimously in Brown v. Board of Education of
Topeka, Kansas, that segregation in public
schools were unconstitutional and violated the
equal protection clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment. -
rosa parks had resisted moving herself to the back of the bus for a white man, thus leading a boycott to end segregation for all buses and to be able to sit wherever one wants. several African
American leaders formed the Montgomery Improvement Association to run the boycott and negotiate with city leaders to end segregation. They elected a 26-year-old pastor named Martin Luther King, Jr. to
lead them. -
In September 1957, the school board in Little Rock, Arkansas, won a court order requiring that nine African American students be admitted to Central High, a school with 2,000 white students. The governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus, began to campaign as a defender of white supremacy. He ordered troops from the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine students from entering the school. this led to an outrage, causing angry mobs to try and get those 9 kids to register for the school. -
the sit-in movement was about 4 boys who continued to sit in the same exact seat in a cafe in order to be served like everyone else in the cafe. word had spread of the action and soon enough, more African Americans had done sit-ins. -
the freedom riders were african americans and white volunteers who would ride segregated busses in retaliation from those who wouldn't integrate bus terminals. from this, many were beaten up and were hurt. -
Meredith tried to register for a university though the government had rejected the request, stating that they'd never fall for such evil and tyranny. Fed up, President Kennedy sent 500 federal marshals to walk with Meredith to the school, though there were angry white mobs that surrounded them on the campus. -
Wanting to push the civil rights bill onto Congress, Dr. King suggested marching throughout Washington. So on August 28, 1963, more than 200,00 demonstrators walked towards the capitol and spoke speeches and sang songs. Dr. King delivered his speech, "I have a dream" during this march. -
African Americans still faced trouble with segregation in terms of voting. though the civil rights act had addressed a few things, voting was not one of them. As the SCLC and SNCC stepped up their
voter registration efforts in the South, their
members were often attacked and beaten, and
several were murdered. -
African Americans had trouble moving into white neighborhoods. when given the chance, however, they would live in poverty. The average income of an African American family was only 55 percent of that of the average white family. The black panthers were African Americans who believed that there needed to be a revolution in the state. It was inspired by teaching from Malcolm X. They wanted an end to racial oppression and wanted equal rights. -
Malcolm X was a man who shifted from crime to someone who looked for a change in the world. He educated himself during his time in prison and saw the world in a new light, and instead of hiding away from society, he inspired everyone to take pride in it, even after his death, people had been moved by his speeches.
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