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A man named Homer Plessy, who was one-fifth black, tried to sit in a white only train cart. Plessy ended up being arrested and the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Ferguson. The Supreme Court thought that Pessy did wrong because they believed in the though of "separate but equal." That means that as long as colored and white people have the same things then they are equal.
Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoOlEPoc1PE -
A person named Oliver Brown thought that it was wrong to send their kids a couple miles away to a colored school, when there was a white only school down the road. When they went to court the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Brown and said that all schools should be integrated. Thurgood Marshall was the lawyer for Brown and a leader of the NAACP.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTGHLdr-iak
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTGHLdr-iak -
Emmit Till, a fourteen year old boy, went into a gas station to buy candy and talk to a whtie girl. He didn't know that it was horrible to talk to white women in the south, because he was from the north. The women's husband and her brother in law ended up finding Emmit. They took him away in their truck and they beat him up, and killed him.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqW4WkPxJ5Y Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqW4WkPxJ5Y -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott started when an older women, named Rosa Parks, got arrested when she refused to give up her seat to a white male. A couple of days later Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. organized the boycott of buses. 2/3 of the people that rode the buses were African-American, and they were all part of the boycott. The boycott lasted for almost a year. They finally succeeded their point when the Supreme Court ruled the segregation of buses unconsitutional.
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The Little Rock Nine were the first nine African-Americans to go to the first integrated school in Little Rock, Arkansas. The Governor sent in the Arkansas National Guard to deny the nine students. The U.S. National Guard then got sent in to take the nine students to school and make sure they were safe. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oodolEmUg2g
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Sit-ins are when African American would sit at a "white counter only" and ask for service at a restaurant They would often get yelled at and abused, but that didn't matter to them. Sometimes they will sit there until the restaurant closes.
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Colored people in southern states would rent a bus and go to major cities and protest against discrimination. They would boycott things, do sit-ins, go to white only counters or restrooms. They were unsuccessful, but proved that there is a major issue with discrimination.
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The peaceful riots that took place in Albany, Georgia were lead by students. More than two thousand student ended up going to jail. Some random person ended up bailing them all out. This was a huge Civil Rights failure.
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The Birmingham Campaign was a series of sit-ins, marches on City Hall, a lot of boycotts, and protests again city laws. This greatly impacted Birmingham and a month later "white only" and "black only" signs got removed from the city. This is also known as Project C.
Vidoe:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggUt0gJh9U8 -
Was a political rally in Washington were more than two hundred thousand African Americans gathered to fight for jobs and freedom. This is also where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. This was a huge moment in the Civil Rights movement, and it proved that this was a huge problem in the United States.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDWWy4CMhE -
One Sunday during a church service, the church got bombed. This cost the lives of four girls and injured many of other people. The aftermath of this was violent clash between protesters and police.
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The Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. This Act said that there will be no discrimination based on color, race, religion, sex, or national origin. This was a huge achievement for African Americans.
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On March 7, 1965 there was a nonviolent marching protest that went from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama. When the protesters went to cross the bridge leading into Montgomery, cops were there and told them to leave. When they refused to leave cops threw tear gas and started to beat the nonviolent protesters.
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One night a colored man was pulled over and arrested for drunk driving. The police officer and colored male got into a fight. This caused many of violent riots, and thirty-four people died from the riots. There was over forty million dollars worth of damage.
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Dr. King was at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee when a guy named James Earl Ray shot and killed him. Dr. King died later that day. This gave a lot of fuel to the Civil Rights Movement.
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbOV1xKFOmw
