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Period: to
Civil Rights Movement
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White Primary is Abolished in Georgia
The white primary in georgia was where blacks could not vote in their local primaries. This kept the people whom the blacks wanted to wn couldn't. In 1946 the federal court ruled in favor to Primus E. King. He was a black citizen who was denied a chance to vote when he was in Columbus.When this decission happened, it opened up multiple possibilities for blacks. In only a couple of months, they had about 116,000 blacks were able to vote.
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-36 -
Integration of the Armed Forces
Ever since 1947, President Truman has been interested in the segregation in the armed forces. By Jan. 1948, th Wite house memos said that the President wanted to stop segrigation in the army. On July 26, he issued the order to stop this. This stated that there will be treatment and opportunity for everyone in the armed forces, no matter what race. Link~
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/anniversaries/desegblurb.htm -
Brown vs Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was a case before the supreme coutr where a group of African-Americans looked for entrance to public schools. They wanted this on a non-segregated basis. They had said the public schools were not equal. Also, that they could not be made equal resultig in them not being offered equal protection under the law. The case was argued in 1952 as well as 1953. The Supreme Court ultimately overruled the segregation of Topeka, Kansa schools. -
Brown v. Board of Education Link
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Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was a black woman who ,when refusing to get up from her bus seat for a white man, helped to spark an important time in the Civil rights movement. After that, People began boycotting. In the mornings, many buses that would usualy be filled with blacks on their way to work, were empty. Up to 50 blacks were at the bus stop instead, waiting for a ride. Because of this, bus drivers asked their bosses if they could close the routes that go to mainly black stops, since these aren't... -
Rosa Parks;Bus Boycott (continued)
financialy attractive anymore. As these boycotts went on, many tactics were used in different forms. The most important official tactict was to charge many of the boycott leaders like Martin Luther King jr. None of these tactics discouraged the boycott though.
Link~ http://www.montgomeryboycott.com/article_overview.htm -
Change to Georgia's State flag
In 1955, Atlanta attorney John Bell started the effort to change the georgia flag. He wanted to change it from the red and white bars, to the Confederated battle flag. State senators Jefferson Lee Davis and Willis Harden agreed to introduce legistlation to change the flag. As a result of the public schools being integrated, the 1956 legistlative session was all for changing the flag because they were against the integration. The flag bill passed with no hearings or state wide vote.link on page2 -
Change to GA's state flag (continued)
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Crisis at Central Highschool and the "Little Rock Nine"
This crisis gained national attention when Governor Orvil Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Gaurd to stop nine African-American children from integrating into Central Highschool. Later, after multiple failed attempts of negotiating with the governor, President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the National Gaurd, When this happened, the contol was taken from the Governor. Then, the Pres. sent one thousand troops to make sure that the integration did happen. Later, on the 25th of september,... -
Crisis at Central Highschool (continued)
more commonly known as "The Little Rock Nine," went to Central Highschool. Even though they went through much suffering and discrimination from students and parents, eight of these nine black students wenton to graduate. Link~
http://crdl.usg.edu/events/little_rock_integration/?Welcome -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation inATL is bombed
Shortlyafter 3:30 am, a bomb went of in the Hebrew benevolent Congregation. This bombing was a planed terrorist campaign against southern Jews. About fifteen minutes of the bombing,United Press International got a phone call from a man saying he was General Gordan from the Confederate Underground. He said how they bombed the temple and it was the last empty building they will bomb. He also said how blacks and Jews were declared aliens.
http://www.southernspaces.org/2009/counterblast-how-a Link~ -
Sibley Commision (continued)
to decide on whether or not to follow federal law and integrate. Link~
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2617 -
Sibley Commision
The Sibley Commision was headed by John Sibley. At first, GA's General assembly had voted to stop state funding to schools that were integrated. Because of this, the Sibley Commision was created to learn the problem of school integration. They interveiwed georgians to understand what they thought about the integration. Many of the people they interviewed said that they would rather shut down the school than have it integrated. After this, commisions said that school systems should be allowed... -
integration of the University of Georgia
The Federal District court Judge W. A. Bootle got the immediate admission for Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes into UGA. When this happened, 160 years of segregation ended. This decission caused a problem for the state legistlaturors,because they had mandated an imediate stop of state funds to any white school or university that allowed black students. Order and calmness did happen until Jan. 11, when an outraged group of people got together outside of Charlayne Hunter's dorm.... -
Integration of UGA (continued)
This caused property damage, as well as bad publicity for the state and University. Because of this, State Officials punished the rioters and also practicaly took away the laws stopping the states support of integrated schools.
link~http://crdl.usg.edu/events/uga_integration/ Link~ -
Albany movement
This was the first large movement within the modern civil rights era to ha desegregation of a whole community as a goal. This resulted in almost 1,000 african-americans being jailed. Martin Luther King jr. became part of the movement in december. This was when him and hundreds more black protesters were arrested in one week. A few months later, Martin Luther left Albany saying he failed.
Link~
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1057 -
Albany movement (continued)
and at one point or another, there were five hundred people in jail or out on bond, this even included Martin Luther King Jr. The results for all of this were all mixed together. There were no desegregation of the bus terminals or buisinesses in Albany yet. A biracial commitee had been created to learn the concerns of the African-Americans though. Link~
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1057 -
Freedom Rides
On May 4th, the first ride happened six whites and seven blacks left on two buses that were headed for the deep south from Washington D.C. They had intended it to test the decission of the Supreme court from Boynton v. Virginia. This decission had declared segregation on the interstate rail stations and buses. For the first couple of days, they experienced only minor hostility. In the second week though, they were beaten. just outside of Anniston, Alabama, one of the buses were burned.... -
Freedom Rides (continued)
In Birmingham, many whites attacked these riders while just barely two blocks from the local sheriff's office. When this happened, the US Justice Department interveened, and it ended up with alot of the freedom riders being sent from Birmingham to New Orleans. Much publicity was given and it caused many other freedom rides.
Link~
http://www.core-online.org/History/freedom rides.htm -
Birmingham, AL Protests
This was a strategic campaign put together by the SCLC. It was planed to bring attention to the blacks living in Birmingham, Alabama. It had alot of widely publicized situations between. Black youth and White authorities. In the end, the government was forced to change the discrimination laws for the city. Dr. King and many other used direct action that was non-violent on the laws they thought were unfair.
Link~
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaign -
March on Washington DC
This march was for jobs and freedom. About 250,000 showed up, and it was the largest demonstration ever. Nobody knew how many people would show up, and some people traveling from the south had been harrassed. About a quarter of the people were white. They had marched from the washington memorial to lincoln memorial. This march is home to one of the most famous speeches, Martin Luther King's.
Link~
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/marchonwashington.html -
16th street Baptist church in Birmingham Bombed
This church was used as a meeting place for many different civil rights leaders. Tensions had become high, when the SCLC and the CORE became involved in a campagne to have African-Americans able to vote. The day the bomb went off many people saw a white man get out of his car and putting a box under the steps of the church. Later, at 10:22 am, the bomb went off, killing Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and Cynthia Wesley. -
16th street Baptist church is bombed (continued)
Link attached herelink attached hereMany civil rights activists had blamed George Wallace, who was the governor of Alabama, for these deaths because, only a week before the bombing, he had said that to stop integration in Alabama, they needed only a few first-class funerals. Then a witness identified Robert Chambliss as being the man who set the bombs. He was arrested but then found not guilty. In November 1977, he was tried once more and this time found guilty. -
John F. Kennedy Assasinated
President Kennedy was killed while driving in a motercade throughout Delly Plaza. He was rushed to Parkland Hospitol, where many efforts failed to keep him alive. Whith a ten month investigation, they learned that the murderer of JFK had been Lee Harvey Oswald. They also leaned that Jack Ruby had killed Oswald before he was able to stand trial. Later they had a poll that said 80% of Americans thought it was a cover up.
Link~ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy -
Civil Rights Act 1964 passed
In 1963, John F. Kennedy had urged the nation to give equal treatment to all Americans no matter their race. When he died the same year, everyone kept that in mind. In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson only a couple of hours after the house's approval, signed the civil rights act and turned it into a law.
This act made it illegal to sgregate things like movie theaters, hotels, and restaurants. It stoped discrimination within employment and stopped segregation in swimming pools, libraries, and... -
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Voting Rights act of 1965 passed
This act was created out of both public and private protests. CORE had joined SCLC to engage in nonviolent protests. When the police began to hit the protesters with fire hoses, police dogs, and night sticks, it really woke up whites. Because of this, they created this act. Link~
http://core-online.org/History/voting_rights.htm -
Summerhill Race Riot (Atlanta)
In September 1966, a young African-American man was shot and killed when the ATL police attempted to arrest him for supposedly stealing a car in Atlanta's Summerhill neighborhood. Several hundred African-Americans began rioting shortly after this shooting.Atlanta mayor Ivan Allen Showed up at these riots and urged everyone to calm and stop, But the crowds refused.
Link~ http://crdl.usg.edu/export/html/ugabma/wsbn/crdl_ugabma_wsbn_50503.html?Welcome -
Martin Luther King Assasinated
Martin Luther King jr. was shot and killed while standing on the balcony of his second story room, in Memphis, Tenessee, at the Lorraine Motel. He was in Memphis because to support a sanitation worker's strike. He had been headed for dinner, when the bullet hit his jaw and severed his spinal cord. He had been officialy dead by the time he reached the memphis hospitol.
Link~
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/dr-king-is-assassinated -
All Georgia Schools Integrated
The school in Georgia, despite their resistance, was UGA. Later, in 1961, This state's largest school systems were integrated. At Atlantic City school, they let nine blacks formerly enroll into this highschool that was all-white. After the Civil Rights act was passed, the Fed. government cancled and refused funding to any schools that did not stop integration
By 1971, all Schools in Georgia were integrated.
Link~
http://www.mystatehistory.com/georgia/ga 05/ch 12 3.pdf
