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Supreme Court rules racial segregation legal - "separate but equal" doctrine.
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Native Americans are barred from white schools.
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Federal court rules Norfolk School Board violated 14th Amendment by not paying black and white teachers equally.
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First African American student at white school in Virginia. Black students admitted to Virginia Tech and the College of William & Mary -for programs not available at Virginia State College in next 5 years.
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Students in Farmville protest unequal conditions, then sue for an integrated school. Lawsuit becomes part of Brown v. Board of Education.
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Supreme Court rules "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." Base school at Fort Myer is integrated by Dept. of Defense. Catholic schools in Richmond Diocese enroll sixty blacks in formerly white schools.
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U.S. Senator Byrd encourages "massive resistance" to school desegregation. Massive Resistance laws are passed to "prevent a single Negro child from entering any white school."
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White parents win suit against school closings in Norfolk. Federal and state courts rule Massive Resistance laws unconstitutional. Closed schools are reopened with limited integration. Arlington admits black students to white junior high school.
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Refusing to integrate, closes public schools, locked until 1964. White students attend private school. Tuition grants for "segregation academies" begin.
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Supreme Court orders Prince Edward County schools reopened.
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All public colleges now admitting both black and white students. Private colleges follow. Supreme Court ends "freedom of choice" plans.
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Desegregation of U.S. public schools generally peaks; after this, schools in many cities become more segregated
