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founds Tuskegee University in Tuskegee, Alabama
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The title of a speech by Booker T Washington that stated blacks would work and submit to whites in exchange for education and due process of law
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upheld state racial segregation for public facilities; “separate but equal”
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helps found NAACP
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founds the Universal Negro Improvement Association
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applies to the University of Mississippi law school but is rejected
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US supreme court decides state laws establishing segregated schools to be unconstitutional
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leaders organize Montgomery bus Boycotts
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protest campaign against the racial segregation policy of the Montgomery, Alabama public transit system
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a document by Lyndon B Johnson, Richard Russel Jr., & Strom Thurmond, which voiced opposition to racial integration
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9 black students walked, accompanied by the US army, into a previously all-white high school
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meets with Eisenhower and other black leaders to discuss racial problems
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4 black colleges students sit down for lunch at a lunch counter in Greensboro, NC, and remained seated when asked to leave
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decided that federal courts had the right to review redistricting issues
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civil rights activists launch a series of bus trips in the South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals
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at age 19, Carmichael participates in the freedom rides and becomes the youngest detainee at Parchman State Prison Farm
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James Meredith is the first black student to attend the university of Mississippi
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Americans gather in DC for a political rally, which pressures JFK’s administration to initiate a civil rights bill in congress
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gives his "Ballot or the Bullet" speech
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outlawed segregation based on race, color, religion, gender, or origin in the US
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Led by Martin Luther King Jr, 3,200 people marched from Selma, Alabama to the state capitol (Montgomery) in the name of black voting rights
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outlawed discriminatory voting practices, such as literacy tests, in many southern states
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30 group members go to the state capitol with guns and receive media attention
