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It was a Supreme Court case where the Court decided that separating kids in schools because of race is wrong. A man named Oliver Brown sued because his daughter, Linda, couldn’t go to the closer white school in Topeka, Kansas. The Court said that "separate but equal" schools weren't actually equal and hurt Black kids. They said it made Black kids feel bad about themselves and hurt their education. This case was won 9-0. -
Emmett Till was a 14-year-old boy who went to Mississippi in 1955. He was accused of whistling at a white woman who was named Carolyn Bryant a was 21 years old.Two white men Roy Bryant the husband and J.W. Milan the brother in law kidnapped him, beat him, and killed him. His mom had an open-casket funeral to show how badly he was hurt. The men went to trial but were found not guilty. -
Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a segregated bus in Montogomery, Alabama. In response to her arrest, African American leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., organized a boycott of the city's bus system, calling for an end to segregation on public transportation. The boycott lasted for over a year, with African Americans choosing to walk or find alternative transportation rather than ride the buses. -
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A group of nine African American students enrolling in the previously all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Their enrollment followed the Supreme Court's landmark Brown v. Board of Education decision. However, when the students arrived on the first day, they were met with violent protests and resistance from both students and adults. Despite the hostility they faced, the Little Rock Nine courageously attended school, enduring harassment and discrimination. -
Four African American college students sat at a segregated lunch counter in a Woolworth's store in Greensboro, North Carolina. They requested service, only to be denied because of the store's segregation policies. They could only buy items but not be served food. That’s when everyone decided to have sit ins and that’s where it started. -
First African American girl to integrate an all-white elementary school in the South. She passes a hard test to go to that school. She was escorted by federal marshals to be the only student taught by one teacher. Ruby faced intense racism and hostility, with white parents pulling their children from the school and angry mobs surrounding her daily. Despite this, she bravely walked into the school each day. Her courage became a powerful symbol of the Civil Rights Movement. -
Group of civil rights activists who, in 1961, rode interstate buses across the South to challenge the region’s segregated bus terminals. The group, made up of 436 individuals on 60 separate rides. Aimed to test and provoke enforcement of desegregation laws. Traveled into the Southern states, they were met with violence, by whites. Freedom Riders persisted, continuing their mission. The federal government, under pressure, eventually intervened, sending federal marshals to protect the riders. -
Took place in Washington D.C. Was a peaceful and respectful protest for jobs and freedom. About 25000 people attended the march. Martin Luther King gave him “I have a dream speech.” It was the last speech of the day. -
Took place in Washington D.C. Martin Luther king and LBJ were involved. It enabled the federal government to prevent racial segregation. Segregation based on race, color, religion or national origin in private businesses and public facilities. It empowered the federal government to take action against discriminatory practices, leading to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The Civil Rights Act played a crucial role in dismantling institutionalized racism. -
He was shot while giving a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem. As Malcolm X began addressing the crowd, several gunmen rushed the stage, firing multiple shots at point-blank range. He was struck by multiple bullets and was pronounced dead shortly after being rushed to the hospital. Despite the arrest and conviction of three men associated with the Nation of Islam, the full truth behind the assassination remains the subject of debate. -
The marches began in Selma, Alabama, sparked by the brutal killing of civil rights and the refusal of local authorities to grant African Americans the right to vote. Led SCLC- Jon Lewis. Despite facing violent opposition from law enforcement, the peaceful protesters persevered, culminating in a successful and where they were met with thousands of supporters. The events led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a landmark achievement in the struggle for racial equality and justice. -
Law that aimed to eliminate racial discrimination in voting, particularly in the Southern states where practices like literacy tests, poll taxes took place. Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson was a response to the Civil Rights Movement and events like the Selma to Montgomery marches. It prohibited any voting practices or procedures that denied or limited the right to vote on the basis of race or color. It increased voters that were African American. -
In Memphis, Tennessee, while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. James Earl Ray, a fugitive from prison, was arrested for the killing after he fired a single shot that struck King in the neck. King, who was in Memphis supporting striking sanitation workers, was rushed to the hospital but was pronounced dead shortly after the attack. His death sent shockwaves across the nation, sparking riots and widespread mourning. The assassination marked a tragic turning point.