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First known definition of an atom
“The smallest unit of matter which still retains the identity and properties of that matter.” -
He refuted Democritus and believed in 4 elements, Earth, air, fire, and water. He lead to 2000 years of false sciences.
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Plato coins the term Elements in a dialogue about the composition of organic and inorganic bodies
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Alexander the Great takes over Egypt and their interest in science increases, and specifically their belief in Aristotle’s 4 elements.
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Arabs occupy Egypt and further their understanding of science. They spread their understanding into Spain.
Gold was seen as the perfect metal. Alchemist sought to find spiritual purification and immortality. -
Tadeo develops fractional distillation, which was better than its predecessors.
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The west focused on our modern understanding of chemistry, finding new compounds and substances. They also Invented Distillation, percolation, extraction, rudimentary
chromatography.
The other created our modern understanding of Alchemy, focused on the spiritual and metaphysical side. -
They believed living things were fundamentally different from non-living things. Living things contain a “vital spirit”
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Andreas Libavius publishes a prototype chemistry textbook.
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Created an early chemistry book that included the first ever chemical equation.
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Robert Boyle proposes a law, which was an experimentally based description on the behavior of gasses, and how it related to the volume and the pressure.
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They believed if a combustible object caught fire it would release the phlogiston that was contained within it. First proposed by Johann Becker
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Anton Laurent de La Voisier Is seen as the father of modern chemistry because he relied on quantitative observations to make conclusions. He disproved the theory of phlogiston by proving that oxygen caused combustion. He found out that matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction.
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He discover that electrical charges comes in 2 variations, one that has a negative charge, and one that has a positive charge.
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Joseph Proust came up with the theory that a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass
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Father of Atomic theory. Dalton believed matter was made up of atoms that could not be seen or destroyed. He thought all atoms of an element were identical. This was later found to be untrue. He thought elements of different compounds have different weights and chemical properties and can be combined to form compounds. He also discovered that atoms cannot be created of destroyed, and when a compound decomposes, the atoms from it are recovered.
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Discovered that the cathode ray has mass since paddle wheel spun when put in a crt and turned on the battery.
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Lothar Meyer creates an early version of what is now known as the periodic table with only 28 elements, which were organized by valance.
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Adolf Baeyer began work on indigo dye, which would revolutionize the dye industry.
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Thomson continued to experiment on the crt, he discovered that ray deflected away from negative charges and towards positive ones. He deduced that the ray was made of negative particles, which he named electrons.
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He came up with the classification for radiation.
He created an experiment where he put a sheet of gold foil in a tin can and aimed a ray of alpha radiation at the foil.
Most of the time the ray lit up the can right behind the foil. This told him that he had hit something massive and dense at the center of the atom. He deducted that atoms are mostly empty spaces, there must be a core at the center of the atom, and the core must be positively charged. -
Discovered radioactivity coming from uranium ore.
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They discovered isolated polonium and radium inside of uranium ore. The research into radioactivity gave birth to an idea that there was something that gave the atoms its identity and that if you changed that, you could change the atom.
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S. P. L. Sørensen invents the concept of the pH scale and developed was to find the acidity of substances.
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He calculated the mass and charge of electrons.
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German chemist Fritz Harbor and Carol Bosch found a way to combine atmospheric Nitrogen with hydrogen to create ammonium. This is still used today for crop fertilization
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During these 10ish years, research on a bacteria that was originally found by Alexander Fleming, however he wasn’t able to find a way to extract a usable quantity of penicillin from it. In 1939 Howard Florey and his team figured out a way of purifying it. Full scale production of this would start in 1944
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He proved there was another subatomic particle, with no charge, called a neutron.