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A wall painting of a settlement of Catal Huyuk, Ankara, Turkey. It is believed as the early map of a settlement, showing 80 buildings and a local mountain.
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Clay tablets that would fit in the palm of a hand. One map shows an area of Nippur or Iraq in the present day consisting of rivers and hills.
The tablets indicate north, west and east. -
The map consists of drawing and text that shows areas of Babylonian empire.
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in the Greek civilization cartography had some advantage events of developing.
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In Greek civilization, a Greek astronomer, Eratosthenes determined the earth circumference and also made a map that use the incorporating the parallels and meridians.
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In Greek Civilization, Hipparchus a Greek astronomer continued Eratosthenes work by describing 11 east-west parallel lines of earth that we know as latitude today.
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Claudius Ptolemy written 8-volume set of books including 8.000 locations of the world.
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Because the Roman Empire collapsed the cartography had no progress until the 14th Century.
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An Arabic world, a mathematician Al-Khwarizmi continued the Ptolemy's work of map by producing an accurately map of Middle East that is the area between southwest Asia and northeast Africa.
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Al-Biruni a mathematician and astronomer used geometry to determine distance to a location, that is called triangular technique.
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Abraham Cresques marked the beginning of Cartography progress in Europe. He made a world map by using the accumulated knowledge of cartography and portolan maps - maps with sailing directions-.
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Gerardus Mercator, made the world map that show how to portray the earth on a flat map to be used as a navigation.
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Sextant is a portable instrument for determining latitude to be used in navigation.
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John Harrison developed accurate clock for determining longitude at sea.
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in late 1990s when satellites launched to develop the accurate information system, Global Positioning System was created to determine the accurate location on earth, showing maps and navigation.
