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The start of people slowly migrating into North America from a land bridge.
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This time period represents the Californias native population pre-Spanish contact.
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Yurok and Wiyot people are dated to be in California around 7000 YBP, though there is still conterversy surrounding how early they arrived.
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As the Spanish arrived in California, Native life drastically changed
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This time period represents the Spanish impact on California and the native population through the introduction of Christianity and the mission system and what came from that.
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21 missions are established throughout the coastal strip of California from 1769-1823. This marked the beginning of the mission system that affected thousands of native Californian tribes.
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This was the first mission to be established by Father Junipero Cerra
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Various diseases broke out between the years 1770-1834. Included, but not limited to measles, influenze, diptheria, and STDs.
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This was the founding mission.
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Jose Francisco Ortega established Presidio. This is established to facilitate establishment of the missions.
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Toypurina, along with members of the Tongva tribe attacked the Spanish but the Spanish counterattacked.
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Mission Santa Barbra is founded. Missionaries begin to use Mexican beads as a form of economy. This disrupts Chumash economy and in turn forced the Chumash to convert to Catholicism.
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Prevented Chinese immigrants from obtaining U.S. citizenship before the 1900s.
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Throughout the 1800s, as a result of Spanish contact California's biodiversity, livestock, water supply, and native plant and animal species decreases.
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Tensions between natives and the Spanish in the mission rise throughout the 1820s.
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Prior to 1821 trade revolved around the missions and Spanish mercantilism. After 1821, the Mexican free trade was introduced. the Economic power of missions weakens
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Advertises impending emancipation and prohibition on corporeal punishment
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Following the war, only a few hundred Chumash remain in Yokut territory.
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Sacking of Santa Ynez spread war to other missions in Chumash area
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Chumash revolt against the missionaries and the Spanish devastating the Mexican frontier. Led to militarization of the coastal mission strip. Rise of anti-Indian sentiment
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Estanislao revolt against the missionaries and the Spanish devastating the Mexican frontier. Led to militarization of the coastal mission strip. Rise of anti-Indian sentiment
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California missions begin secularization process. Introduced hide and tallow trade. Indian slave trade grew.
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During this time, Neophytes return to northern California and migrate to southern California. Beginning accounts of Indian drunkenness and criminality.
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At this time, there are about 8,000 Californios, about 1,300 foreigners, and about 160,000 tribal people. This represents the diversity we still see in present day California.
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Between these years, 130 massacres took place. 16,000-100,000 Indians are massacred by Private Militias
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At the beginning of the Gold Rush, San Fransisco had 1,000 residents. By 1849, it grew to 25,000 residents. By 1852, it grew to 35,000 residents.
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Frémont kills 1000 Wintun tribal members as they're gathered near the Sacramento River. He becomes a U.S. Senator from California in 1850
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In the Summer and Fall, miners from Latin America, China, and Hawaiian laborers come to Northern California for the gold rush
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Locals rush to gold regions in the Spring time. Cities are left basically empty.
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Gold is found on Sutter's Mill in American River, Coloma by James Marshall
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This time period represents the California Gold Rush and how California's population changed with the finding of gold in San Fransisco.
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Peter Burnett was elected as California's first governor from 1849-1851
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Frémont formulates a removal plan for Indians. Would place Indias into sub-regions. This plan never carried out, law was not passed.
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National and International less experienced miners from China and Europe, but most from different parts of the U.S., come to Northern California for the Gold Rush.
Consequences for American Merchant Fleet and for San Francisco. -
Criminalized (penalties) loitering, specifically towards orphans and the unemployed. Some were indentured, thousands were enslaved.
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California becomes a state. At this time, there is a lot of anti-Chinese hate and native massacres. The transcontinental railroad begins its construction
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California becomes the 31st state to join the United States
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The Federal Indian Commission negotiates a "Rancheria" system with 100 tribal and sub-tribal representatives. An eighth of the land mass of the state would be reserved for Indian land, so Californians and U.S. senate rejected the plan.
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Sanctioned Indian Hunts by Governor Peter Burnett. $1.1M paid out to "militia" members (paid per scalp or $5 per head)
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E.F. Beale sets up 7 Indian reservations under Federal authority, each were 20 thousand each. Government didn't acknowledge Indian land ownership, no treaties were made, Indians were not involved in the process. Indians were "invited" to come in, much like they were with the missions.
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Cities become depopulated from people moving out of cities in California into different states looking for minerals.
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Another law that prevented Chinese immigrants from obtaining U.S. citizenship before the 1900s.
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Altered the destiny of America by becoming the first railroad that connected the eastern and western United States. But it changed the way of living for those who worked on it, mostly Chinese immigrants.
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Whites men massacre (lynch) about two dozen Chinese people to scare them out of Los Angeles
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One Indian organized resistance in response to their treatment and displacement.
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Public transportation system was made possible by cable cars. Allowed residents to travel to work by train, people could work further from their homes.
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After the central pacific transcontinental railroad was completed a national depression hit.
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These marches, mostly Irish males. in Chinatown targeted Chinese immigrants and demanded they be expelled. Chinatown was damaged and some Chinese were killed.
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Emergence of the political party in California that fueled anti-Chinese and anti-Big Four speech and marches.
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The Constitution is rewritten to strip Chinese of their right to become citizens, demanded all immigration from China to stop, and national immigration reform.
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Kindergarten is brought to California by Kate Douglas Smith. She opened the first free Kindergarten in San Fransisco. Kindergarten was used an an early attempt to Americanize small children
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By the 1880s, about 50% of San Fransisco are immigrants and about 30% have at least one immigrant parent. Is the most ethnically diverse city in the West in the 19th century.
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In the late 1880s, Chinatown emerges. Most Chinese people were not allowed to live throughout San Fransisco, so they were restricted to live within the boundaries of Chinatown. It was safe for Chinese people to live here. "Red light" districts were prominent.
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The only U.S. law that targeted a specific racial group from coming to the U.S. Over 61 years, this law kept laborers from coming to the U.S, kept them from voting, becoming citizens and owning property.
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Massacre between the U.S. military and Tribal members as a result of the Ghost Dance religious ceremony.
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Wong Kim Ark, Chinese American born from Chinese immigrants, was denied re-entry despite being let in prior. This was a decision made by anti-Chinese sentiment.
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After years of fighting this case, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Wong Kim Ark, and anyone else born on U.S. soil was a U.S. Citizen- despite parents country of origin
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By the 1900s, about 6,500 Indians live on tribal lands and about 16-20K live in the whole state following displacement and massacres.
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A 7.9 earthquake struck San Fransisco. Though there was damage from the earthquake, most came from a fire that ripped through the city. The damage affected so many immigrant communities, like Chinatown.
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In California, women are granted the right to vote in 1911, this is granted nationally in 1920.
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Home Teacher Act is passed as one of the first formal Americanization programs in the U.S.
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Bans any child under the age of 14 from working in all industries expect for agriculture.
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Stopped all immigration from Japan
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As the stock market crashes, Californian is sent into a depression where there is no work available for people.
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A catastrophic dust storm hits Oklahoma as a result of man-made ecological disaster. Forces millions of people to migrate out of Oklahoma and into California and the surrounding states.
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This period represents the effect of The Great Depression hits as millions of Americans are left without work. Following WWII, there is a growth in population and economy as agriculture and industrial jobs became more readily available.
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Office of Naval Intelligence begins to collect lists of potentially disloyal Japanese Americans, especially those born in Japan and immigrated to the U.S. Ended in calling for Internment
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The 13th Amendment repealed the Act for the Government and Protection of Indians.
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California legislature civic organizations, and newspapers called for internment of people of Japanese decent
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Executive order 9066- called for the removal of all people of Japanese decent on the West Coast.
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The U.S. and Mexican governments allowed Mexican workers to legally come into the U.S. to work for up to 6 months. By the end of the Bracero program, there was 4.5 million Mexican nationals that had a part of it.
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White sailors attacked young Latino men in Los Angeles in a racial . 500 young Latinos were arrested, but no sailors were arrested.
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An explosion goes off whole loading ammunition and bombs. About 320 were killed and about 400 were injured. There had already been a history of unsafe codi
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Gonzalo Mendez sues schools in West Minster after his children are denied enrollment at a school, because they were Mexican. Sets the stage for Brown v Broad of Education which gets rid of the idea of separate vs equal idea in schools
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During this time, most new residents are native-born Americans (white, black, latinos) from other states.
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Natives begin to demand return of their lands
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California's population triples from 10-30 million.
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Indians demand rights like fishing rights.
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This period represents a shift for California's minorities. There is a reality check for the millions of people who live in California, especially minorities.
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Mexican farm workers marched for union recognition and for a livable pay scale.
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The riots went of for 6 days; 34 people died, 1000 injured, 4000 arrested. The root of the riots seemed to be high unemployment, poor housing, and inadequate schools. Yet, little to nothing was done to address the inequalities
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In 1991, Rodney King had been beaten by four police officers following a high-speed chase. The four police officers were were charged with excessive use of force, but were found not guilty. Within hours of the verdicts being read, riots around LA began.
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This period represents present day California. I picked to start in the 2000 to show current event that have made current Californian history.
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Former President Ronald Regan died aged 88. He died in his Los Angeles home.
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Governor Gavin Newsom is first elected in 2018 and re-elected in 2023. He is out current governor
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Governor Gavin Newsom formally apologizes for the massacres between 1846-1873
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COVID-19 causes state of emergency lockdowns throughout the country. This changes the way of life for everyone.
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Governor Newsom beats recall election in 2021.