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This was a document requiring that there should be no forced loans or taxation without the consent of Parliament, that no free-man should be imprisoned without due cause, and that troops should not be billeted in private homes. Charles I recognizing this represented a shift in attitude towards monarchs. The people now expected their rights to be protected, a crucial event in the developement of limited Monarchy. Monarchs were now prevented from making decisions based only on their desires.
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Long Parliment lasted from 1640-1660. This Parliament decided it shouldn't go longer than three years without meeting. They also ruled that Kings couldn’t dissolve the council without their permission, as well as levying new taxes without its consent. This marked a turn in the power that Parliament held, leading to a better dispersion of power, instead of the King retaining it all. It forced the monarchy to hear from its people, and honor them in decisions.
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The Scots rebelled against Charles' attempt to convert the country through the English Episcopal system and prayer book. Parliament refused to consider funds until the King apologized. After at first dissolving parliament, Charles reconvened it after the Scots defeated him at the Battle of Newburn in 1640. This represented the people's new found passion to stand up for their rights and the power they were gaining over how the monarchy led, as they forced him to take advice from parliament.
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This was legislation passed by the House of Commons which give Parliament the authority to raise an army. After this Parliament established alliances with Scotland and an army. This represents their growing power, and the limiting of the monarchy, as the Parliament began to retain certain control over the country. No longer was the monarchy the absolute power, but instead more representatives of the people in Parliament were gaining a say and control over the systems in England.
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Charles was executed as a public criminal by Parliament, leading to England becaming a Puritan republic. This occured as Parliament was gaining control over certain parts of the country and were able to establish an army. This represents the fact that the power was being taken from the monarchy and dispersed among the council, so much so that they held greater control than the current monarch. They had more support from the people enough that they could make this execution.
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After James II repealed the Test Act, and eliminated freedom of worship, many non-Catholics left England, as they would be imprisoned for not following the laws against their religions. William of Orange came to take over and was met with overwhelming support. William was able to run James out of England, as people were no longer loyal to the monarchy and placed more value on their natural rights. The ability for the monarchy to be overthrown so easily represented its decrease in power.
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William and Mary established a Bill of Rights which limited monarchy and protected liberties of the people. They determined that they would rule based on Parliament, which gave more people a say. This was a huge moment for limited monarchy, as the King and Queen recognized the rights of the people, and began to rule with their needs and desires in mind. Absolute monarchy was slowly begining to be cut out in England, as a monarch could not retain control of its people under such terms.
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