-
American Civil war forces British to look elsewhere for cotton, sees Egypt as a viable alternative, leads to heavy investment in their cotton industry, + khedives programme, to satisfy British demands for cotton
-
comes into power and starts a modernising programme for Egypt which soon puts the country in debt
-
De Lesseps and Suez Canal Company create the Suez Canal after 10 years, shortens routes to India and the East, attracts the British in 1875 after seeing economic and strategic benefits
-
40 % of Egyptian imports from britain, good economic relationship
-
Seeing reduced profit in Cape for British traders and effect of canal on the world, he secures money to gain shares.
invisible trade- income from shipping tarrifs
shorter route to India -
1877-1880 he is the commissioner on behalf of Egypt administered Sudan
-
British and French ministers brought into help Egypts economy Commissioner Dufferin has influence and British money props up Egypt, makes 2/3 cut to arm increasing unemployment and raises taxes on Egyptian food
-
self proclaimed mahdi turns political movement into a jihadist army to get britain and egypt out of Sudan, want full independence
-
political tensions causes riots which kills 50 europeans so Gladstone orders the bombardment of Alexandria with British naval forces, indigenous forced British reaction
-
Nationalist movement led by Pasha defeating British forces, forcing tewfiq to put him and his allies into government positions- this is threat to British as they are anti-europeans, threat to the 100000 British living in egypt and security of Suez Canal (very important to reduce route to India by 5000 miles)
-
Joint expedition with British and Egypt forces led by Wolseley, win at tel el kebir and retake Cairo to secure Suez Canal
-
Evelyn Baring made to be consul-general
Tewfiq to make government amenable to britain
britain to have military personnel to supervise army
Egypt is a veiled protectorate -
Gladstone sends British and Egyptian forces to take Khartoum back led by general Hicks, fails
-
Gladstone sends gordon to get troops out of Khartoum, tries to retake and fails gordon is a martyr and Gladstone faces backlash for sending the 15000 troops led by Wolseley too late as by jan 1885 all garrisons are overrun
no further campaign until 1896 to retake Khartoum -
international loan to Egypt secures British influence