-
Se comunicaban a través de gruñidos primitivos y gestos.
-
-
Se llaman lenguas paleohispánicas o prerromanas a las lenguas indígenas habladas en la Península Ibérica antes de la llegada de los romanos.
-
-
Al establecerse en España estos hablaban lengua púnicas, fenicio y griego, las cuales se derivan de las lenguas semíticas e indoeuropeas respectivamente. Sin embargo sus lenguas influyeron poco en los dialectos peninsulares.
-
Celtic becomes most widespread branch of I.E. in
Europe; Celtic peoples inhabit what is now Spain, France, Germany,
Austria, eastern Europe, and the British Isles. -
A los fenicios se les atribuye haber introducido el sistema de comercio y con él el alfabeto.
-
La lengua latina fue introducida a España por los griegos, quienes buscaban establecer vínculos comerciales. Este era un latín vulgar.
-
Los romanos necesitaron mas de dos siglos para lograr subyugar a toda la península.
-
Supplant Celts. Come into contact (at times
antagonistic, at times commercial) with northward - expanding the Roman empire. -
-
Romans pull out of Britain and other colonies,
attempting to shore up defense on the home front; but it's useless. Rome
sacked by Goths. -
-
(Angles, Saxons,
Jutes, some Frisians) speaking West Germanic dialects descended from
Proto-Germanic. These dialects are distantly related to Latin, but also
have a sprinkling of Latin borrowings due to earlier cultural contact with
the Romans on the continent. -
La península fue invadida por suevos, alanos, vándalos y visigodos. La llegada de estos no impacto el idioma ya que estos ya estaban bastantes romanizados.
-
Supremacy passes from one kingdom to
another in that order. -
Oleadas de migrantes judíos llegaron a España ya que estaban siendo perseguidos, trayendo con ellos su idioma.
-
Su cultura influyó mucho en la lengua en formación, especialmente en el vocabulario.
-
Wessex kings aspire to similar glory; want to unite all England, and if possible the rest of mainland Britain, under one crown (theirs).
-
Large organized groups set up permanent encampments on English soil. Slay kings of Northumbria and East Anglia, subjugate king of Mercia. Storm York (Anglo-Saxon Eoforwic) and set up a Viking kingdom (Jorvik). Wessex stands alone as the last Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Britain.
-
Many Scandinavian loanwords enter the language;
English even borrows pronouns like they, them, their. -
Cnut
decides to follow in Alfred's footsteps, aiming for a peaceful and
prosperous kingdom. Encourages Anglo-Saxon culture and literature.
Even marries Aethelred's widow Emma, brought over from Normandy. -
-
Norman French becomes the language of the court and propertied classes.
The legal system is redrawn along Norman lines and conducted in
French. Churches, monasteries gradually filled with French-speaking
functionaries, who use French for record-keeping. After a while, the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is no longer kept up. Authors write literature in
French, not English. For all practical purposes English is no longer a
written language.
Bilingualism gradually becomes more common, -
-
-
Chaucer writes the Canterbury tales in Middle English. the language
shows French influence in thousands of French borrowings. The London
dialect, for the first time, begins to be recognized as the Standard or
variety of English taken as the norm, for all England. Other dialects are
relegated to a less prestigious position, even those that earlier served as
standards (e.g. the Wessex dialect of southwest England). -
William Caxton brings a printing press to England from Germany. Publishes the first printed book in England. Beginning of the long process of standardization of spelling.
-
Los Reyes Católicos conquistan el último reducto del dominio árabe en España, Granada.
-
-
El erudito Antonio de Nebrija publica la primera "Gramática" castellana.
-
The Great Vowel Shift gradually takes
place. There is a large influx of Latin and Greek borrowings and
neologisms. -
-
Which has influenced English speech and writing down to the present day.
-
Wove native and borrowed words together in amazing and
pleasing combinations. -
-
En 1713 se fundó la Real Academia Española de la Lengua, hecho
que marcó el inicio del español contemporáneo. -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Se celebra en Sevilla (España) un Congreso de la Lengua Española.
El primer Congreso formal se llevó a cabo en Zacatecas (México) en 1997, el
segundo en Valladolid (España) en 2001, el tercero en Rosario (Argentina) en
2004 y el cuarto se celebrará entre el 26 y el 29 de marzo del 2007 en Cartagena
de Indias (Colombia).