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5000 BCE
Hombre Cro-Magnon
Se comunicaban a través de gruñidos primitivos y gestos. -
Period: 5000 BCE to 1 BCE
Pre-Historia
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3000 BCE
Celtas e Ibéros
Se llaman lenguas paleohispánicas o prerromanas a las lenguas indígenas habladas en la Península Ibérica antes de la llegada de los romanos. -
3000 BCE
Proto-Indo-European. Baltic Area.
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1500 BCE
Fenicios, griegos y cartaginenses
Al establecerse en España estos hablaban lengua púnicas, fenicio y griego, las cuales se derivan de las lenguas semíticas e indoeuropeas respectivamente. Sin embargo sus lenguas influyeron poco en los dialectos peninsulares. -
1000 BCE
Migrations, the various branches of Indo-European have become distinct.
Celtic becomes most widespread branch of I.E. in
Europe; Celtic peoples inhabit what is now Spain, France, Germany,
Austria, eastern Europe, and the British Isles. -
900 BCE
Fenicios
A los fenicios se les atribuye haber introducido el sistema de comercio y con él el alfabeto. -
700 BCE
Introducción del latín a España
La lengua latina fue introducida a España por los griegos, quienes buscaban establecer vínculos comerciales. Este era un latín vulgar. -
200 BCE
Los romanos vencen en las Guerras Púnicas
Los romanos necesitaron mas de dos siglos para lograr subyugar a toda la península. -
200 BCE
Germanic peoples move down from Scandinavia and spread over Central Europe in successive waves.
Supplant Celts. Come into contact (at times
antagonistic, at times commercial) with northward - expanding the Roman empire. -
55 BCE
Roman Invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar
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200
Roman empire collapses.
Romans pull out of Britain and other colonies,
attempting to shore up defense on the home front; but it's useless. Rome
sacked by Goths. -
410
First Germanic tribes arrive in England.
-
Period: 410 to 600
Settlement of most of Britain by Germanic peoples
(Angles, Saxons,
Jutes, some Frisians) speaking West Germanic dialects descended from
Proto-Germanic. These dialects are distantly related to Latin, but also
have a sprinkling of Latin borrowings due to earlier cultural contact with
the Romans on the continent. -
500
Invasiones Bárbaras
La península fue invadida por suevos, alanos, vándalos y visigodos. La llegada de estos no impacto el idioma ya que estos ya estaban bastantes romanizados. -
Period: 600 to 800
Rise of three great kingdoms politically unifying large areas: Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex
Supremacy passes from one kingdom to
another in that order. -
700
Judíos
Oleadas de migrantes judíos llegaron a España ya que estaban siendo perseguidos, trayendo con ellos su idioma. -
711
Arábes
Su cultura influyó mucho en la lengua en formación, especialmente en el vocabulario. -
800
Charlemagne, king of the Franks, crowned Holy Roman Emperor; height of Frankish power in Europe.
Wessex kings aspire to similar glory; want to unite all England, and if possible the rest of mainland Britain, under one crown (theirs). -
Period: 840 to 870
Viking incursions
Large organized groups set up permanent encampments on English soil. Slay kings of Northumbria and East Anglia, subjugate king of Mercia. Storm York (Anglo-Saxon Eoforwic) and set up a Viking kingdom (Jorvik). Wessex stands alone as the last Anglo-Saxon kingdom in Britain. -
900
Danes and English mix and become indistinguishable.
Many Scandinavian loanwords enter the language;
English even borrows pronouns like they, them, their. -
1014
Sveinn's young son Cnut (or Canute) crowned king of England.
Cnut
decides to follow in Alfred's footsteps, aiming for a peaceful and
prosperous kingdom. Encourages Anglo-Saxon culture and literature.
Even marries Aethelred's widow Emma, brought over from Normandy. -
1066
William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, invades and conquers England.
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1070
English becomes the language of the lower classes.
Norman French becomes the language of the court and propertied classes.
The legal system is redrawn along Norman lines and conducted in
French. Churches, monasteries gradually filled with French-speaking
functionaries, who use French for record-keeping. After a while, the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is no longer kept up. Authors write literature in
French, not English. For all practical purposes English is no longer a
written language.
Bilingualism gradually becomes more common, -
1205
First book in English appears since the conquest.
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1337
Start of the Hundred Years War between England and France.
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1380
London dialect recognized as standard
Chaucer writes the Canterbury tales in Middle English. the language
shows French influence in thousands of French borrowings. The London
dialect, for the first time, begins to be recognized as the Standard or
variety of English taken as the norm, for all England. Other dialects are
relegated to a less prestigious position, even those that earlier served as
standards (e.g. the Wessex dialect of southwest England). -
1474
First printed book in England
William Caxton brings a printing press to England from Germany. Publishes the first printed book in England. Beginning of the long process of standardization of spelling. -
1492
Reconquista de España
Los Reyes Católicos conquistan el último reducto del dominio árabe en España, Granada. -
1492
Descubrimiento de América
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1492
Gramática de Nebrija
El erudito Antonio de Nebrija publica la primera "Gramática" castellana. -
Period: 1500 to
Early Modern English period.
The Great Vowel Shift gradually takes
place. There is a large influx of Latin and Greek borrowings and
neologisms. -
Table Alphabetical. The first English Dictionary
-
King James Bible published
Which has influenced English speech and writing down to the present day. -
Shakespeare dies. Recognized even then as a genius of the English language.
Wove native and borrowed words together in amazing and
pleasing combinations. -
The first daily English language newspaper, The Daily Courant, is published in London.
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Real Academia Espanola
En 1713 se fundó la Real Academia Española de la Lengua, hecho
que marcó el inicio del español contemporáneo. -
The American Declaration of Independence
-
Britain abandons its colonies.
-
Nace el poeta nicaragüense Rubén Darío, quien en 1887 publicó “Azul”.
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The Oxford English Dictionary is published
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El guatemalteco Miguel Ángel Asturias gana el Premio Nobel de Literatura
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Se publica la novela “Cien años de soledad”, del colombiano Gabriel García Márquez.
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El chileno Pablo Neruda gana el Premio Nobel de Literatura.
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El colombiano Gabriel García Márquez gana el Premio Nobel de Literatura.
-
El mexicano Octavio Paz gana el Premio Nobel de Literatura.
-
Period: to
Congreso de la Lengua Española
Se celebra en Sevilla (España) un Congreso de la Lengua Española.
El primer Congreso formal se llevó a cabo en Zacatecas (México) en 1997, el
segundo en Valladolid (España) en 2001, el tercero en Rosario (Argentina) en
2004 y el cuarto se celebrará entre el 26 y el 29 de marzo del 2007 en Cartagena
de Indias (Colombia).