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Congress of Racial Equality Founded
Civil Rights: protect everyone's rights from the government.
-it was founded by students
-its was governed by blacks, immigrants, and social workers.
- the first thing they did was a sit in at a coffee shop. -
Jackie Robinson Hired To The Brooklyn Dodgers
Color Line- a barrier separating black and whites from sports.
Jackie Robinson was the first black person to play MLB baseball.
-He was insulted and harassed by fans and players, players tried to hit him or spike him. -
Executive Order 9981
Executive is law signed by the Truman that said " It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin." -
Malcolm X Advocates for Nationalism
Nation of Islam: religious of islam that believed that blacks were earths first people.
-Malcolm X spent a lot of his life in prison
- Malcolm X was feature in a television show called, That Hate Produced. -
Brown V. Board of Education Ruling
Class-action lawsuit: a group of people filling lawsuit
-it was a group of cases that were filed based on segregation
- they wanted schools to be non-segragated -
Start of Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Bus Boycott: a 1955 boycott that resulted in the integration of Montgomery, Alabama's bus system
- African Americans in Montgomery organized an elaborate carpool system to get around town
- Many white Montgomery leaders did everything they could to stop the boycott and preserve segregation -
Integration Of Central High School
Little Rock Nine: first nine black students to go to a white school
-They were abused badly
-they were guarded to get into the school to be protected from the people that didn't want them to go because their black. -
First Lunch Counter Sit-Ins
Sit-In: sitting in a public facility for peace
-African American college kids went into Woolsworth Cafe to eat daily
-The students were attacked and beaten by whites -
Freedom Rides
CORE was the one making these freedom rides
-Core shut the rides down but the SNCC kept them going
-Riders were beating up badly and abused -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter from Birmingham Jail
Birmingham Campaign: was a movement organized in early 1963 by the SCLC to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama.
-MLK spent eleven days in jail
-Made from behind bars -
Civil Rights Act Of 1964
LBJ put it in action after Kennedy's death.
The Plessy v. Ferguson case was a case that stopped banks from being white based
it banned discrimination. -
Voting Rights Acts of 1965
voting Rights Act of 1965: an act of Congress outlawing literacy tests and other tactics that had long been used to deny African Americans the right to vote
-Blacks got the right to vote because of this act
-the act also called for the federal government to supervise voter registration -
Watts Riot
Watts riot took place in Watts neighborhood.
-Burning houses
-took 4,000 soldiers to calm riot -
Civil Rights Act Of 1968
Civil Rights Act of 1968- banned not selling houses to people because of their race
-passed by the house of representatives
-The act stands as the final great achievement of the civil rights era. -
March On Washington
March on Washington was to get jobs and freedom
-200,000 people gathered in Washington DC
- all different races of people gathered -
Swan vs Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education
Desegregation: ending the separation of people by race
-School and the black students who are being bussed to the school
-bussing is a way for schools to desegregate -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Ruling
the Supreme Court ruled that a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional
-Bakke was a white man, who was denied an admission to a medical school that had admitted black candidates
-Bakke said that he was a victim of racial discrimination. -
Black Panther
Black Power: group of activists that were not focused on nonviolent protesting
SNCC: Student nonviolent coordinating Committee
-blacks and the nation of Islam were influenced by the leaders Melcom X and Huey Newton, and Bobby Steale
-were okay with violence
-wanted to make change-developed a 10 point platform to achieve their goals
