Atomic Theory Timeline

  • Isaac Newton

    Newton believed there were tiny particles everywhere that were constantly moving.
  • Dalton

    John Dalton theorized that all matter consists of tiny indestructible particles and that elements are characterized by math.
  • Michael Faraday

    Faraday said that the number of elements separated by by passing an electrical current through molten or dissolved salt is proportional to the charge of a circuit.
  • J. Plucker

    Plucker discovered the electric discharge of a cathode ray created a fluorescent glow on the walls of the tube.
  • Dmitri Mendeleev

    Mendeleev created the first version of the periodic table and used it to predict properties of elements that had not yet been discovered.
  • James Maxwell

    Created the electromagnetic theory. He made the connection between light and electromagnetism.
  • G.J. Stoney

    Proposed that electricity is made of negatively charged particles.
  • Wilhelm Roentgen

    Produced and detected electromagnetic radiation now known as as x-rays.
  • JJ Thomson

    Discovered the electron. Developed the plum pudding model.
  • Marie Curie

    Curie discovered the radioactive elements polonium.
  • Max Planck

    Proposed a theory that energy did not flow at a steady rate but was instead delivered in packets called quanta.
  • Frederick Soddy

    Explained that radioactivity is caused by the transmutation of elements. In 1913 he also concluded that elements can exist in different forms called isotopes.
  • Phillip Lenard

    Discovered that cathode rays can not exist outside of discharge tubes. Used an experiment in which a thin aluminum slide was was put on the end of a cathode ray tube. The experiment showed that as the slide was pulled away the ray decreased and eventually vanished completely.
  • Hantaro Nagaoka

    Disagreed with Thomsons model. Believed electrons orbited outside of the atom and could not be found in a positively charged atom. He developed the Saturn Model.
  • Albert Einstein

    Einstein created the theory of relativity and also created the law of mass-energu equivelance E=mc^2.
  • Hans Geiger

    Developed the Geiger counter which is an electronic tool for measuring radioactivity.
  • R.A. Millikan

    Millikan proposed that the charge of water is a multiple of the elementary electrical charge.
  • Ernest Rutherford

    Using the gold foil experiment he discovered the positively charged nucleus. He also found that atoms were mostly empty space and that electrons were found in this space.
  • Niels Bohr

    Discovered that electrons travel in orbits around the nucleus. Said that the number of electrons determine an elements properties.
  • Louis de Broglie

    Discovered the wave nature of electrons.
  • Erwin Schrodinger

    Suggested electrons were arranged into orbitals which were systematically distributed throughout the electron cloud. He also defined an orbital as a region in which an electron could be found.
  • Werner Heisenburg

    Found a way to formulate quantum physics. He proposed the uncertainty principle.
  • Paul Dirac

    Predicted the existence of antiparticles.
  • James Chadwick

    Discovered the neutron and helped to develop the atomic bomb. He used nuclear fission in his experiments.
  • John Douglas

    Disintegrated Lithium atoms through the bombardment of photons.
  • Ernest Lawrence

    Lawrence invented the first particle accelerator to achieve high energy levels.
  • Lisa Meitner

    Discovered Barium after bombarding uranium with neutrons.
  • Glenn Seaburg

    Discovered the transuranium elements.
  • Enrico Fermi

    Fermi conducted the first controlled chain reaction and also helped to develop the first nuclear reactor.
  • H.G.J. Moseley

    Using experiments on x-ray spectra he discovered that the atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons in it.