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Democrtus, an Ancient Greek philosopher, was the first person to have considered the presence of atoms.
He suggests that if you took aunty substance and continued to cut it in half, you would eventually get a particle that is too small to be divided again. -
Antione Lavoisier made an accurate measurement on what the composition of the chemical composition and the introduced the law of conservation of mass, in other words matter can not be created nor destroyed.
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In the early 19th century, English chemist John Dalton built on Democrtius’s idea of invisible particles. He suggested that different substances were made up of different particles that had specific masses and properties - elements.
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In 1904, physicist Joseph John Thomson discovered that atoms were actually divisible and made up of even smaller particles. Thomson concluded that electrons must be tiny particles within the atom.
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Ernest Rutherford performed an experiment to test the plum pudding theory. These observations led to the model of the atom known as the Rutherford model witch innevitably lead to future improvements being added.
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Danish physicist Neils Bohr worked out mathematically Rutherford’s model must move around in orbits. Behr proposed that each orbit can only contain a certain number of electrons.
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In 1926, Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodger used mathematical equations to describe the probable location of an electron within a atom aswell as possible purpose it may serve.
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Chadwick was and English physicist who worked with Rutherford. He bombarded berylium atoms with alpha particles. which ended up aiding the discovery of the neutron and it's properties.