Assessment Choice Board- Unit 1

Paleolithic Era

250,000 BCE

During this time, the people migrated where the animals were. They migrated with them so keep surviving and to have a food source. All of this occurred in Eastern Africa. They have found hominids mostly East of the Great Rift Valley. This is important to us today, because this is the first time people have started to write, draw, talk, and start being religious.
The time frame was 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 BCE.

The Stone Age

30,000 BCE

The Stone Age started around 30,000 BCE and then ended when going into the Bronze Age in 3,000 BCE. They used Stone to make tools, and weapons with; Stone, horns, ivory, and wood. The importance of this time period as it marks the transition from hunting, to the start of agriculture, domesticating animals, and the making of tools. The tools that have been found were found in Eastern Africa.

Neolithic Era

10,000 BCE

People finally learned that they could plant things, and not have to migrate with the animals. They set up permanent villages. People had more time, so they took the time to make better tools, the population increased, and the people became more civilized. This is significant because this shows the revolution of agriculture, and how societies have developed into today. This happened in Mesopotamia. (Modern Day Iraq). The time period is 10,000 BCE to 4,000 BCE.

Ancient Mesopotamia

3500 BCE

Mesopotamia means "land between rivers" in Greek. This was located in between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers. This was a time of agriculture mainly wheat and barley. They relied on rivers flooding to the perfect amount. There was many groups that were here; Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, Phoenicians. The best achievements were cuneiform (writing) & a number system based though 60.

Bronze Age

3000 BCE

This is the era where Bronze was used the most. Stone was slowly replaced by Bronze. At first tools were made from flint. As the Bronze Age went on they replaced it with Bronze. They made this by melting tin and copper together. They used bronze to help advance agriculture and building the city. They used bronze because it was harder and more durable than other materials that were available. The time period is 3300-1200 BCE

Ancient India

3000 BCE

INdia is a subcontinent. Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were both popular cities that existed 3000 BCE & 1500 BCE. These cities were properly planned with good streets, buildings, ad other things that makes up a city. They used mud bricks, they now had indoor plumbing which helped make the city's nicer, and the rulers has religious power. No one knows the exact reason why, but the city just dispersed.

Old Egyptian Kingdom

2700 BCE

2700-2200 BCE.
This is when Egypt had a Pharaoh (Egyptian ruler). They would build pyramids built as tombs for them. They were both the head of state as well as the people's religious leader. Pharaohs had divine power. The people worshiped them like they were a god. This is also the time when it was believed that people had 2 bodies. The physical body, and the spiritual body. They called this 'Ka'.

Middle Egyptian Kingdom

2054 BCE

This was a period of expansion. Nubia, Canaan, & Syria. This is now when the Pharaoh's were expected to build the public buildings, and provide welfare for the public. This era was known for increasing the stability and prestige for ancient Egypt. Upper and lower Egypt were unified, and a very distinct culture arose.

Judaism

1800 BCE

Judaism is one of the first monotheistic religions. This religion follows the book of Torah. The Gods or religious figures are Moses, and Abraham. The beliefs of this religion follows that there is one God and the Jews are his people. They must follow the aw of Torah to live a well life, and there is 10 commandments. This was all in Israel, Europe, and the United States. The symbol for this religion in the Star of David.

Shang Dynasty

1760 BCE

Around the 16th century BCE, The Shang capital at Anyang (north of the yellow river). Archaeologists found, oracle bones, ox and chicken bones, possibly turtle shells, used by Shang rulers for divination and to communicate with gods.They found the earliest known Chinese handwriting. Under the Shang Dynasty the organization was a predominantly agricultural society. He ruled with the assistance of a central bureaucracy in the capital city.

Hammurabi

1754 BCE

Hammurabi is a code that was written by Babylon-Hammurabi. He ruled for around 40 years. In this coding, there was criminal, and civil law. Criminal law reduced vengeance. This was a crime against another person. There was also civil law which were private rights. He wrote this coding to help unify the expanding empire.

Ancient China

1750 BCE

During this time there were two main rivers that support Civilization; Huang He, and Chang Jiang. There was Shang dynasty, & Zhou dynasty. Shang was the first major ruler of China (1750-1045 BCE). Zhou then takes over, and this is when the emperor rules with divine power. The dynastic cycle develops and the new dynasty's rl very powerfully. This causes rebellion. During Zhou's time, a civil war breaks our and lasts about 180 years. This is when we see Iron weapons, cavalry, and crossbow

New Egyptian Kingdom

1550 BCE

The New Kingdom arose when the Hyksos defeated the Middle Kingdom in 1650 BCE. From this point on they learned to use Bronze for tools, and they also progressed their military skills. This is also the time were they became the most dominant power in SW Asia.The Kingdom starts to be unstable, and then after a new king was elected it ends. The 'sea peoples' attack the Egyptians, and then the New Kingdom falls

Hinduism

1500 BCE

This was found in India. No one knows exactly how founded it, but during this time the expansion lead to India, Nepal, Malaysia, Guyana, Suriname, & Sri Lanka. This happened through Trade. There is well over one billion followers of this religion. It is still intact today mainly in India and Nepal. Basic beliefs are Four Vedas, Karma, and Reincarnation. There is also a Caste system that can be compared to modern day social class. This is the worlds oldest religion

Iron Age

1198 BCE

The era was after the Bronze Age. This was marked because of the use of iron and steel. This was a milestone in human history because this helped lead people to more permanent settlements, and they also revolutionized tools, weapons, and innovation. This was mainly in Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. The time period was 1200- 539 BCE.

Zhou Dynasty

1045 BCE

THe eleventh century rolled around and Shang dynasty was overthrown by a young and aggressive state located west of Anyang. The new dynasty (Zhou) lasted about 800 years. That makes it the longest-lived dynasty, The political system of its predecessors with a few changes. This dynasty included dividing the kingdom in a number of territories that were then governed by officials that were picked by the king. The apex of the government hierarchy was the king

Islam

600 BCE

One of their monotheistic religion's follows the prophet Muhammad. Islam started in Mecca (modern day Saudi-Arabia). Islam is the second largest religion, wth about 1.8 Muslims in the world. One god that they worship is Allah. This religion is widely spread across the world, but mainly in the Middle East, and North Africa. They believe in God (Allah) and they also believe in angels. There is four holy books; Qur'an, Gospel, Torah, and Psalms.

Ancient China Philosophies

475 BCE

During this time, Philosophies played a big role in shaping and forming Chinese culture. This produced social norms, political systems, and behaviors. The 3 major philosophies were; Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism.

Qin Dynasty

221 BCE

During his time in power, he unifies China. The ways he does this is; single monetary system. system of roads, extends control to Red River, he builds the Grand Canal, and he adopts legalism, which is a chinese philosophy. This philosophy emphasized efficiency and control. It was "The Way of the Law"

Han dynasty

201

He can be known for the second great imperial dynasty. He succeeded Qin. Han dynasty followed the highly centralized government and administrative structure of China. Although Han adopted the confucian philosophy. This philosophy is emphasized in moderation, virtue, and filial piety.