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- King William’s War (1689-1697)
- Queen Anne’s War (1701-1713
- King George II’s War (1744-1748)
- anglo-french conflicts
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- proposed by benjamin franklin
- unified government for the 13 colonies
- never enacted
- colonists distrustful of each other
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- also called french-indian war
- french had more advantages
- british won and fell Into massive debt
- caused by conflict over control of ohio river valley
- washington sent as colonel with military ⟶ bad at his job
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- british gains french canada and spanish florida
- also called peace of paris
- indigenous communities devastated
- spain got louisiana
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- religious, indigenous leader (Neolin) and follower Pontiac lead efforts to unite Indigenous communities
- inspired pan-indian Identity
- anti-british movement In ohio river valley
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- many bostonians crowded together at the customs house and the british troops open fired on the colonists
- crispus attucks first man to be shot and was an enslaved man
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- caused by stamp act that taxed legal documents, permits, wills, paper products, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, and dice
- patrick henry
- sons and daughters of liberty
- tar and feather tax collectors
- make new clothes to continue boycotts
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- a series of battles, declarations, correspondences, and conventions that eventually led to american independence
- the first revolutionary war
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- following the repeal of the stamp act
- stated that british parliament has control over the american colonists and has the power to tax them
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- adopting Townshend’s program
- parliament enacted new taxes on tea, glass, and paper
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- british troops sent to seize colonial military supplies
- colonial militia warned by paul revere and william dawes
- they fought but americans retreated without enough ammo
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- the sons of liberty dressed up as native americans and threw an Import of tea from the east India company Into the boston harbor
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- also called coercive acts
- the boston port act - the british closed the boston harbor until the overthrown tea has been paid for
- the massachusetts government act - implemented more british official control over the colonies
- the quartering act - required americans to house and feed british soldiers
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- british law organizing canadian lands gained by french and establishes roman catholicism as the official religion of quebec
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- in response to Intolerable acts to restore previous relationship with england radical delegates ⟶ johnny, sammy, and patrick moderate delegates ⟶ john dickinson, and georgie conservative delegates - john jay, and joseph galloway
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- battle fought on breed’s hill and americans claimed victory
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- delegates split between Independence and resolution
- american navy and army created
- olive branch petition
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- a pamphlet written by englishman thomas paine that clearly stated the need for american Independence
- easier to understand
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- document that tells the king that he has broken the social contract and the americans have the right to overthrow him
- enlightenment thinking
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- an early form of the constitution that functioned for a while
- limited foreign trade
- hard to make changes
- unicameral
- weak national government
- used from 1781-1789
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- militia were losing really bad but they beat the british in this battle
- news reaches King Louis in france and he decides to help americans to mess with King George
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- the last battle of the american revolution
- the british surrendered
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- congress established policy for surveying and selling western lands
- one section set aside for public education
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- a group of tribes who attacked local militia
- supported by british (giving them weapons against encroaching american colonists)
- later defeated by U.S. army
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- new england depression because massachusetts state legislature refused to print currency or to pass pro-debtor laws and enact regressive taxes
- hard for farmers to get loans or pay debts
- Daniel Shays encouraged western farmers to protest and close down court houses to prevent foreclosures (evicted from farm)
- shut down by eastern merchants
- displayed need for separation of powers and strong central government
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- congress passed laws for creating new states In the territory between the Great Lakes and Ohio River
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- also called the great compromise
- combination of the new jersey plan and virginia plan
- new jersey plan - unicameral legislature with each state receiving equal representation (favors small states)
- virginia plan - bicameral legislature with each state’s representation based on population (favors big states)
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- also called the philadelphia convention
- all states but rhode Island
- created secret, elitist democracy to ratify and develop a new document
- in favor of revision of articles = anti-federalists (less central power)
- in favor of new document = federalists (more central power)
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- highly progressive essays written for new york newspaper by james madison, alexander hamilton, and john jay
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- three branches of government: legislative, judicial, and executive
- the bill of rights
- 3/5 clause, Importation clause, fugitive slave clause
- electoral college and 4 year terms
- amendments
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- also called proclamation line of 1793
- georgie states that the U.S. is not strong enough and won't support french revolutionaries in the french revolution
- jeffy resigns because he disagrees with abandoning france after they helped americans in the american revolution
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- hamilton's idea
- a privately-owned, U.S. bank that holds government funding and prints money
- provides basis for U.S. currency
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- factor that convinced anti-federalists to support constitution
- stated natural and human rights
- first ten amendments
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- farmers angry because of taxes on whiskey that made it harder to sell whiskey due to raised price
- rebellion immediately quashed by georgie and hammy leading large group of soldiers
- created conflict about the amount of power utilized to prevent a rebellion
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- opened american trade to spanish land near mississippi river
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- written by John Jay
- persuaded british to remove posts on western frontier (U.S.)
- didn't mention british seizures of american ships
- angered pro-french americans
- maintained U.S. neutrality
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- orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices
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- widely published article of George Washington's decision to leave office after serving the equivalent of 2 terms
- said to remain neutral in european affairs, avoid political parties, no alliances, no sectionalism
- written by hammy
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- U.S. navy vs. french privateers in the Caribbean
- johnny doesn't engage and gets crap from american citizens
- jeffy becomes more popular, which means the democratic-republicans gain steam as a political party
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- 3 french diplomats demanded bribe before diplomatic discussion with U.S. about french seizures of american ships
- this information spread and hate is directed towards johnny
- johnny accused of being a loyalist
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- alien act allows the government to deport immigrants and make it hard for them to live in the U.S.
- sedition act means no one can criticize the government
- ratified by johnny and decreased his popularity
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- written by maddie and jeffy
- refusing to comply to alien and sedition acts and any other unconstitutional laws
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- democratic-republicans (D-R) gain popularity
- federalists lose popularity because of john adams
- jeffy wins
- political revolution of 1800