-
James Watts patents a new and improved steam engine. The steam engine will become the main source of power in factories. -
The cholera outbreak lasted throughout the industrial revolution, and was caused by consuming infected and contaminated water and food. It was a leading cause of death during this time. -
On this day, Napolean Bonaparte crowned himself as the emperor of France at the Notre Dame. He was the first emperor France had had for a thousand years -
The Battle of Waterloo took place in present-day Belgium, and was fought by French troops led by Napoleon, and two troops from the Seventh Coalition. This battle is significant because it ended a 23 year long war, and ended Napoleon's reign and rule once and for all. -
The first steam railway was built in England, which was huge progress in transportation and speed. This signified the growing and innovation of the European Industrial Revolution. -
The Decembrist Revolt took place in Imperial Russia and was led by 3,000 Russian army officers. It was a protest of against Nicholas I's assumption of the throne after his old brother Constantine removed himself from the line of succession. -
The 1828 British election was the first election that white non-property holding men could vote. This was a step towards universal suffrage. -
In 1829, Russia invaded the Ottoman Empire and forced them to allow Greek autonomy, called the Treaty of Adrianople. This is significant because Greece had been under Ottoman rule since the 15th century, and this was a major achievement. -
The July ordinances were a series of rules and guidelines set by the French Charles X, essentially limiting and banning a lot of rights, such as freedom of the press. -
The Belgian Revolution is when Belgium wanted out of the Netherlands and wanted to gain it's own political, social, and economical independence. -
The Factory of 1833 was the first attempt to regulate human work in factories. It aimed to regulate child labor and set rules in place. -
The British Slave Abolition was put into affect all across the British Empire. Banning human slavery, it freed over 800,000 enslaved Africans. -
This movement was one of the first mass worker driven movements. It advocated the gain of political rights and other involvement of the working class in government and policies. -
The period known as the Irish Potato Famine was a period of starvation and disease in Ireland. It was mainly caused by the lack of potato crop, which was a main food staple in Ireland. -
Karl Marx and Frederic Engels publish "The Communist Manifesto" which critiques the class conflict and how it is caused by capitalism, which promoting socialist, communist, and liberal viewx. -
The Crystal Palace was a large building made of glass and iron -- an architectural feat at the time -- created under Queen Victoria's rule. It exhibited hundreds of thousands of inventions, showcasing the innovation of England's Industrial Revolution. -
The Crimean War was the result of Russia wanting to take control of Orthodox subjects that were already under Ottoman rule. Russia was ultimately defeated by an alliance of the Ottomans, French, the UK, and Piedmont-Sardinia. (Wouldn't let me insert picture) -
Henry Bessemer invents the "Bessemer process", which allowed for the mass production of steel. This greatly attributed to the improvement of manufacturing. -
Tsar Alexandar II emancipated the Russian Serfs, breaking down Russia's feudal system that had been in place for hundreds of years. It was a result of spreading Liberalism and serf revolts, and the realization that Russia's growing economy would not be compatible with the system currently in place. -
The second industrial revolution is mainly characterized by the expansion of transportation and telegrams, rapidly increasing the spread of people and ideas. -
Tsar Alexandar II was assassinated in the streets of St. Petersburg by a bomb. The assassination was lead by a terrorist group who's goal was to overthrow the autocracy. -
The Berlin Conference was a result of the new emergence of imperialism in African. The partitioning of Africa between European countries was agreed upon, especially due to Germany's emergence as a central power to the Europe's powers. -
The Eiffel Tower is a completely wrought-iron monument in Paris, France. At the time, it was the tallest building in the world, and was the main attraction at the Paris World's Fair in 1889. -
Written by Sigmund Freud, "The Interpretation of Dreams" was one of the most influential books of 20th century. It not only presented a new and unique of looking at the human mind and subconscious that wasn't previously thought of, but also captivated readers. -
The war happened because Russia and Japan disagreed over who should get parts of Manchuria and Korea. The war was fought mostly on the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden, the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. -
Albert Einstein published the book "Theory of Relativity" in 1916. This laid the foundation for physics, and broke preconceived notions of space, time, and gravity. -
In 1913, suffragette Emily Davidson threw herself under King George V's horse at a race to protest women's rights. This ended up killing her. -
WWI, also known as the Great War, began after a long period of tension between multiple European powers. The main catalyst for the beginning of this war was the assassination of Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austria-Hungarian empire -
This Russian Revolution was a political and social revolution, which ended up overthrowing the government. It ended with the Bolsheviks being places in power. -
By the Representation of the People's Act, British women would be able vote (with stipulations and restrictions of course). This was a huge accomplishment, and represented the urbanization and modernization of English society. -
World War I was finally ended by an armistice agreement between Germany and the Allies. With 20 million deaths caused by this war, it became known as "the war to end all wars" due to the mass destruction and causalities. -
The Treaty of Versailles essentially handled the aftermath of WWI and what would happen. The most significant result of this was Germany having to pay an extreme amount of war reparations and essentially take the blame for the entire war. -
The League of Nations was a united organizations between many of the worlds powers, caused by the aftermath of the first World War. It was like the first attempt at the United Nations, and was disbanded in 1946. -
Fascist leader Benito Mussolini gains control of Italy, and will play a large role in WWII. -
The Great Depression was a period between 1929-1932, that happened in Britain caused by the effects of World War I. It plunged industrial areas into poverty, and the unemployment rate doubled to 20 percent. -
On this day, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany, voted in by Nazi supporters. He would end up ruling with a totalitarian and fascist dictatorship until his suicide in 1945. -
The Spanish Civil War was a war fought in Spain that lasted from 1936-1939 fought between the Republicans and Nationalists. The Nationalists ended up winning and Spain was under Francisco Franco's rule until his death in 1975. -
In 1939, Adolf Hitler invaded Poland, breaking the Treaty of Versailles. This caused Great Britain and France to intervene, thus declaring war on Germany. -
Dunkirk was the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force and other Allied forces from the French seaport of Dunkirk, while it was under attck by axis powers. -
The Yalta Conference was a post-WWII conference held between three major leaders - Churchill, Wilson, and Stalin. It was to discuss what would happen now the the war was over. -
World War II in Europe ends with the surrender of the Germans. World War II ends when the Empire of Japan surrenders to the Allies. -
The Truman Doctrine was presented by U.S. President Harry Truman and asked the U.S. congress for $400 million dollars to give to Turkey and Greece. This would help aid those countries in recovery from the war, and help them get back to economic stability. -
The U.S. Marshall Plan was a plan that provided financial aid to Europe after the damage of World War II. The U.S. would grant European countries very large amounts of money, as long as they purchased American goods with the money. Over $15 billion was lended. -
NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is an alliance between the U.S., Canada, and 28 European countries. It was created to provide militaristic security against the Soviet Union. -
The Korean War was the invasion of North Korea into South Korea. However, due to the Cold War at the time, the U.S. assumed that this was caused by Joseph Stalin and communism, so the U.S. military got involved. -
Joseph Stalin dies at age 74. He ruled Russia (the Soviet Union)
with a strong dictatorship, and transformed it from an agricultural peasant society to one of the strongest powers in the world at the time, however he is also responsible behind the millions of deaths of Soviet citizens. -
The Warsaw Pact was a sort of counter-alliance against NATO. It was made up of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. -
The Berlin Wall was a wall dividing Germany between communist and allied control. It fell due to revolutions and riots from people, and signified the downfall of communist power. -
The European Union (EU) was formed in 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty. It was made to oversee the policitcal and economic integration of Europe. -
The Euro is introduced as the official common currency of the European Union.