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War between Great Britain and France for control of North America. The Native Americans aided the French because of their friendly relationship.
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The French and Indian War ended on 1763, where Great Britain claimed Canada and virtually all of North America east of the Mississippi River. Britain also took Florida from Spain.
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The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, which forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains.
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Great Britain borrowed so much money during the war that it nearly doubled its national debt so Parliament put the Sugar Act into action that halved the duty on foreign-made molasses. Colonial merchants complained about the tax, however, it had little effect on colonists besides merchants and traders.
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The Stamp Act imposed a tax on documents and printed items such as wills, newspapers, and playing cards.The Sons of Liberty was created by the colonists to boycott all printed items.
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Asserted Parliament's full right to "blind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever."
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A writs of assistance is a written order issued by a court instructing a law enforcement official, such as a sheriff or a tax collector, to perform a certain task.
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Group of Boston shopkeepers, artisans, and laborers organized into a secret resistance group to protest the law. Samuel Adams was one of the founders of the organization.
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taxed goods that were imported into the colony from Britain and imposed a tax on tea. The colonists boycotted all British goods. It was repealed because it cost more to enforce than it brought in.
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a mob gathered in front of the Boston Customs House and taunted British soldiers that were on guard there. Eventually, shots were fired and five colonists were killed or mortally wounded.
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cut the colonial merchants out of the tea trade and gave the British East India Company to sell the tea to the colonists for less.
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a large group of Boston rebels dressed themselves up as Native American Indians and snuck up on the British ships docked there and dumped 18,000 lbs. of tea into the Boston harbor.
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shut down the Boston Harbor, authorized British commanders to house soldiers in vacant private homes and other buildings, and General Thomas Gage was appointed the new governor of Massachusetts.
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56 delegates from the 13 colonies met in Philadelphia and drew up a declaration of colonial rights. The document defended the colonies’ right to run their own affairs and stated that if the British used force against the colonies, the colonies should fight back.
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Civilian soldiers who pledged to be ready to fight against the British on a minute’s notice.
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Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott rode out to spread the word that 700 British troops were headed for Concord.
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First battle of the Revolutionary War, lasted only 15 minutes. Eight minutemen were killed and ten more were wounded, but only one British soldier was injured.
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The british marched to Concord to plan an attack, but were met by 3000-4000 minutemen who fired on the marching troops from behind stone walls.
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Loyalists were those in the colonies that opposed independence and remained loyal to the British King. Patriots were the supporters of independence.
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The group of colonial leaders met in Philadelphia to to debate about the war. They also elected George Washington as the commander of the Continental Army
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Was the colonial militia, Led by George Washington, was called after the second Continental Congress.
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2,400 British soldiers were mowed down after the colonists held fire until the very last minute. The colonists lost 450 men while the British had suffered over 1,000 casualties.
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Congress sent the king the so-called Olive Branch Petition, urging a return to “the former harmony” between Britain and the colonies.
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An agreement in which the people consent to choose and obey a government so long as it safeguards their natural rights.
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Book by Thomas Paine attacking King George and the monarchy. He declared that America's independence would make trading easier and create a better society over the colonies.
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The Declaration of Independence was based on Locke’s ideas of natural rights, and it declared that the rights of “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” to be unalienable. The document was written by Thomas Jefferson.
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The Continental Army failed at the attempt to defend New York from the British and were pushed back into Philadelphia but General Washington planned for a surprise attack on Christmas Night on the Hessians in Trenton, New Jersey
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On Christmas night, 1776 Washington risked everything and crossed the frozen Deleware River with 2,400 men in small rowboats to Trenton, New Jersey to defeat a garrison of Hessians in a surprise attack.
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British General Burgoyne planned to lead his army down from Canada to New York. As his army was walking through the wilderness, militiamen surrounded his army and General Burgoyne surrendered on October 17, 1777.
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General Washington and his continental army faced a harsh winter at their winter cam Valley Forge ,Pennsylvania where they ran desperately low on food and supplies. More than 2,000 soldiers died.
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After the Saratoga victory, the French started to believe that the Americans could win the war and as a result, the French signed an alliance with the Americans and joined them in their fight for independence.
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Friedrich von Steuben was a Prussian captain and drill sergeant. Marquis de Lafayette asked France for reinforcements in1779.
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After the British defeat at Saratoga, the British decided to shift their operations to the South. The British easily captured the South's many capitals.
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In the late September of 1781 17,000 French and American troops surrounded the British on the Yorktown peninsula and British General Cornwallis eventually surrendered.
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The American negotiators: John Adams, John Jay, and Benjamin Franklin signed the Treaty of Paris to confirmed the U.S.as an independent new nation.
