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The main cause of WW1: Assassination of Archduke Fran Ferdinand.
Why did the US shift from neutral to engagement in WW1?: The "Zimmerman note" (asked Mexico to declare war on us).
What push factors and what pull factors contributed to the Great Migration?: The Great Migration refers to the relocation of hundreds of thousands of African Americans.
Imperialism: Many believe that the US needed new markets. -
The Dawes Plan was a plan in 1924 to resolve WW1 reparations that Germany had to pay, that had strained diplomacy following WW1 and the Treaty of Versailles. The goal of the Kellogg-Briand Pact is for the signing nations to use war as a last resort. Its purpose of the Kellog-Briand Pact was to basically outlaw war. The Three R's in the new deal: Relief, Recovery, Reform. The Social Security Act: The Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers.
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Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Extreme Leaders -
Machine guns, u-boats, poisons gas
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The spark of WW1 was the assassination of the Austrian archduke, Franz Ferdinand.
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Germany agreed to an armistice which angered Hitler. Hitler called those who surrendered "November Criminals".
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The U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles fearing involvement in the League of Nations would be another entangling alliance.
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New ideas were viewed as a threat to national security.
Fear of "Reds" or communists & anarchists created a national hysteria. -
Farms changed: larger & fewer & more mechanized.
Black migration North: filled factory jobs during WW1.
Land shortage: frontier closed in 1890.
Urban attractions: faster pace; entertainment; better jobs.
Automobile's impact: expanded living & working opportunities liberated rural families, created jobs in related industries. -
The attitude was "Be young, play, buy now, pay later".
Farmers had borrowed money for machinery and land during the war. -
1st great "liberation" movement.
Many sought employment opportunities.
Some began demanding greater equality in the marriage partnership -
The use of print and broadcast methods to communicate to large numbers of people, produced a national culture.
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Prohibition had created a new kind of criminal, a bootlegger, who sold alcohol illegally. Soon, illegal bars called speakeasies abounded in the cities.
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Isolationism is a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups.
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Many religious leaders argue evolution contradicts history of creation as stated in the bible. John T. Scopes broke the state law by teaching evolution to his students. Found guilty and fined $100.
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There was an uneven distribution of wealth, large companies dominated the economy, tax policies benefited the wealthy, many Americans bought on credit, and overproduction.
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A group originally started by Nathan Bedford Forest after the Civil War. The KKK hated (and still hates) blacks, Jews, Catholics, homosexuals and basically all others who are not white and Protestant.
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Hitler helps form the Nazi Party. Hitler and his Nazis try to overthrow the new democracy in a large beer hall in Munich.
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Sacco and Vanzetti are Italian immigrants who were accused and convicted of murdering 2 men during a 1920 armed robbery in Massachusetts. After a controversial trial and a series of appeals, the men we executed on August 23rd, 1927
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The income levels of Americans - 65% of Americans earned $1,999 and under. 29% of Americans earned $2,000 - $4,999. 5% of Americans earned $5,000 - $9,999, and only 1% of Americans earned 10,000 and over.
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1925 - Paul Von Hindenburg elected President of the Weimar Republic. By 1932 the Nazi Party had become the largest party in the Reichstag; 38% majority (Similar to Parliament or Congress).
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Anti-Semitism, or hatred of Jews, already existed in the hearts of many Europeans. Nuremberg Laws were passed allowing the government to legally discriminate against Jews.
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The Night of Broken Glass - anti-semitic riots in Germany and Austria. 30,000 Jew rounded up and taken to concentration camps. Homes, businesses, and synagogues destroyed.
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Hitler used democracy to destroy democracy. Once he became "Der Fuhrer" he ruled Germany as a ruthless dictator and used his power to take over several countries and murder millions.
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Germany invaded Poland with blitzkrieg attack (WW2 begins).
France and Great Britain declare war the next day. The Holocaust intensifies. -
Development of Jewish ghettos in cities. Concentration camps became sites of forced laborand murder. Genocide - mass killing of over 6 million Jews.
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The U.S. Pacific Fleet was based at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The attack was meant to cripple the U.S. fleet so couldn't interfere with Japan. Six aircraft carriers and 353 Japanese planes attacked in two waves. 2,403 died (1,177 killed on the U.S.S. Arizona)
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Hitler's last major offensive. Allies were pushing from the West (from France), South through Italy, and from the East (Soviets).
Germany was surrounded.
