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Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
This German Emperor led the Germans during WWI. In 1918 he was forced to step down by German Generals. His reign lasted from 1888-1918 -
MAIN Causes of WWI
M=Militarism
A=Aliences
I=Imperialism
N=Nationalism
E=Extreme Leaders -
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria. -
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, and Russia. -
Imperialism
This cause of World War II resulted from the competition among European nations for colonies in Africa and Asia from 1880-1914. This created tension, especially between Germany and Great Britain. -
Alliances
This was a major cause of WWI. Two major alliances formed the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria, Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, England, Russia). This alliance system made world war likely, by drawing all countries into a small war. -
Eastern Front
This was a front in WWI. The region of fighting happened along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks. -
Western Front
This was a major front in World War I. A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. This is where most of the fighting happened in World War II. -
U-boats
This new machinery used by the Germans in sea warfare, to attack British and American supply ships in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. -
Schlieffen Plan
This was Germany's military plan at the outbreak of WWl. The plan was for troops to rapidly defeat France and move east to defeat Russia. -
Nationalism
This cause of World War I was based on an intense pride in one's nation. -
Militarism
This cause of World War I was a policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war. -
Trench Warfare
This style of warfare was common in WWI, due to the invention of the machine gun and heavy artillery. It included digging long trenches, separated by barbed wire and a no mans land. -
Balkan Region
Slavic Region of intense nationalism and imperial domination in mountains of south/eastern Europe - spark to set off the powder keg of Europe. -
The Spark
The assassination of the Arch-Duke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo, Serbia. -
Lusitania
This British passenger ship was sunk by German U-boats in 1915, carrying civilians and ammunition to Britain from the U.S. The event turned American opinion against Germany. -
Conscription
The compulsory call of civilians to military service; the draft. Used by the U.S. during WWI. -
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters. Resulted in the entry of the US into World War I. -
18th Amendment
Banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol. It was passed in 1919 and repealed in 1933. -
Red Scare
The fear of communism in the 1920s. -
Buying on Margin
The purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage (10%) of the price and borrowing the rest. -
Harlem Renaissance
African American culture showcased through literature, poetry, art, and music. -
Xenophobia
Fear of immigrants. Especially prominent in the 1920s. -
Roaring Twenties
The period of progression in American society based on the spending of money people didn't have. -
Nativism
The belief that white, protestant Americans were superior to all others. Became the basis for distrust of immigrants coming to America. -
The Great Migration
The movement of African Americans from the Southern countryside to Northern cities and the increasing visibility of black culture -
Bootleggers
Smugglers of illegal alcohol during the Prohibition era. -
Speakeasy
A place where alcoholic drinks were sold and consumed illegally during prohibition. -
Communism
A political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life in a country. -
Palmer Raids
Measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American security; led to the arrest of nearly 5,500 people and the deportation of nearly 400. -
Return To Normalcy
President Harding's slogan to Americans that America needed to return the "normal" way of life before The Great War (World War I). -
Teapot Dome Scandal
President Harding had appointed personal friends as members for his cabinet. Some of these members were involved in government corruption such as the secretary of Interior leasing oil-rich land in return for bribes. (1921-1923) -
Sacco and Vanzetti
Because of their immigrant background and belief in anarchy, they were executed for the crime of murder on very weak evidence. They were executed on August 23, 1927. -
Direct Relief
The giving of money or food by the government directly to needy people. -
Phases of the Business Cycle
Recession/Contraction: Recession is a slow down in the economy for 2 consecutive quarters or 6 months. Contraction is a slow down that is less than 2 consecutive quarters or 6 months.
Depression/Trough: a severe prolonged slow down or break down in the economy.
Recovery/Expansion: Recovery is an active economic growth for 2 consecutive quarters or 6 months. Expansion is economic growth that is less than 2 consecutive quarters or 6 months.
Prosperity/Peak: An extended period of economic growth. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
The worst economic depression in the history of the industrialized world. It started with the stock market crash on October 24, 1929. -
Black Tuesday
On October 24, 1929, the New York Stock Market on Wall Street collapsed. It fell even further on the 29th (Black Tuesday). Stockbrokers continually wanted to sell their stocks, but few wanted to buy them. As a result, stock prices fell rapidly. -
Dust Bowl
The region, including Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, that was worthless for farming by drought and dust storms during the 1930s. -
Bonus Army
Between 10 to 20 thousand WWI Veterans marched on Washington D.C. to demand their war bonuses early. Hoover listened to them at first, but in July he sent the army to make them leave. -
Charles Coughlin
Nicknamed "Radio Priest." Supported FDR at first and then grew impatient with the New Deal. His plan offered an annual living wage; wanted banks nationalized. He blamed the Jews. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Was president for 4 terms. Created "New Deal" that focused on 3 main parts; Relief, Recovery, and Reform. -
Dr. Francis Townsend
He supported FDR at the beginning and then grew impatient with the New Deal. His plan would give people 60 and older $200 a month; could not save money. He blamed the Jews. -
Huey Long
Nicknamed "The Kingfish" was Louisiana's 40th Governor from 1928 to 1932. His plan was to take money from the rich and give it to the poor (redistribute wealth). He wanted to run for Presidency, but was assassinated in 1935. -
Benito Mussolini
Was a fascist dictator of Italy. Wished to rebuild the ancient Holy Roman Empire. Formed the Rome-Berlin Axis (alliance) with Germany in 1936. -
Kristallnacht
Also known as the Night of Broken Glass. Anti-semitic riots in Germany and Austria. 30,000 Jews were rounded up and sent to concentration camps. Homes, businesses, and synagogues were destroyed. -
Adolf Hitler
Was an Austrian but joined the German army during WWI. Wanted to rebuild Germany. Preached vengeance against democracies, communism, November criminals (people who signed the WWI Armistice), and Jews (the source of all evil and problems in Germany). He had a desire to unite all people of German ancestry (blood and language). Wanted to build his empire called The Third Reich. -
World War II Begins
Hitler invades Poland and starts WWII. -
Hideki Tojo
Military Leader and Prime Minister. Dictator of Japan. Wanted to be #1 in Asia. Soldiers motto "Death before Dishonor." -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
Surprise military attack by Japan on US naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This attack is what caused the US to join WWII. -
Battle of Midway
Japanese hoped to use Midway as a base to neutralize Pearl Harbor. -
Battle of Guadalcanal
The Japanese advance was stopped. All momentum shifted to the US. -
Atomic Bomb
The first atomic bomb was used on Hiroshima towards the end of the war. -
Battle of Iwo Jima
20,500 Japanese killed and 6,000 US lives lost. Put Americans within striking distance of Japanese home islands. -
United Nations
An international peace-keeping organization created after WWII. -
Truman Doctrine
Policy that America would provide economic and military aid to any nation fighting communism. Aimed at helping Greece and Turkey. -
Marshall Plan
Aid will rebuild Western Europe. -
Mao Zedong
Created the People's Republic of China. -
How the Cold War was Fought
Arms Race, Space Race, Olympic Games/Sports and Movies. -
Capitalism
Economic system based on private property, including private ownership of the means of production, and profit motive. -
Harry Truman
Senator J. McCarthy claims communists have infested the government, starts 2nd Red Scare. -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Korean conflict ends in a stalemate at the 38th parallel. -
Nikita Kroushchev
New Soviet Premier. Proposes the idea of "peaceful coexistence." -
Fidel Castro
Communist Dictator of Cuba. -
John F. Kennedy
Bay of Pigs invasion by 1500 CIA-trained Cuban exiles in an attempt to overthrow Castro. It failed. -
Richard Nixon
NASA achieves moon landing. -
Ronald Reagan
He initiated Strategic Defense Initiative or Star Wars. -
Mikhail Gorbachev
He was elected in USSR in 1985 and introduced democratic reforms. -
End of the Soviet Union
In 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed. -
George Bush Sr.
Soviet Union Collapses. -
Cold War Presidential Timeline
Harry Truman (D) 1945-1952
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) 1952-1960
John F. Kennedy (D) 1960-1963
Lyndon B. Johnson (D) 1963-1968
Richard M. Nixon (R) 1968-1974
Gerald Ford (R) 1974-1976
Jimmy Carter (D) 1976-1980
Ronald Reagan (R) 1980-1988
George Bush Sr. (R) 1988-1992
