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Nov 2, 1492
The Columbia Exchange
The exchange was a trade between the "New World" and the Old World. The Old World would send animals, plants, diseases, culture, and modern technology of that time to the "New World', they would as well send slaves. The "New World" would exchange crops to Europe, this exchanged was named after Christopher Columbus. -
Apr 12, 1502
Bartolome de las Casas
de las Casas was a bias which meant priest. He arrived in the New World in 1502. He noticed how the Europeans or Spanish people were treating the Native Americans and he didn't like it. He would write about how they were treated and send letters to Spain to inform the Spanish people of what was happening. -
Trans-Atlantic
The Trans-Atlantic was a trade that happen across the Atlantic Ocean. It was a trade that happen between America, England, and Africa, which forms a triangle. -
Middle Passage
It was a journey across the Atlantic Ocean with ships full of slaves. Millions of slaves were brought to America to be sold. During the journey many of them would die because of the conditions they were traveling in sometimes they would even commit suicide. -
Proclamation of 1763
After the British won the French and Indian war, King George III sighned the Proclamation of 1763 stating that they would not allowed the Colonists to settle on the West of the Appalachian Mountains. Which meant the colonist go claim the new land and they weren't happy about it. -
Boston Tea Party
The colonist didn't like how the British were taxing them on tea. In 1773 some colonists dressed up as Native Americans and on th ship that was at the Boston Harbor and started to dump all the tea to the ocean. This was a protest by the Liberty Sons to stop taxing them on tea. -
Battle of Lexington-Concord
" The Shot Heard ' Round the World'" was the a fight against the Colonist and the Red Coats. This war happened after Massachusetts were punished by the Bristish because of the Boston tea party. This was the first problems the colonist and the bristish were having becaise the colonists were getting taxed on because of the debt the British had after the French and Indian war. -
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The American Revolution War
It was the first war the colonist fought against the british to get their freedom from England. The colonist asked the French to help them fight against the British. America and with help from the French ended up winning the war against the British. -
Declaration of Independance
This document was issued to represent the freedom the Colonists wanted from the British. It stated under the authorshup of Thomas Jefferson. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris (1783) officialy ended the American Revolution. The United States won its independence from Great Britian and it also gained control of land stretching west and the MIssissippi River. The Untied States had the task of creating a new government of their own. -
XYZ Affair
John Adams, president od the U>S, did a diplomatic episode that continued the policy of non-intervention in Eruope, France. He gave them the name of X, Y, And Z so that they didn't know who exactly they were talking about. -
War of 1812
The Bristish refuse to lift the trade restrisctions and tried to set up an Indian state in the Mid-West to continued theier influence. This was also known as the "Second War of Independence". This was a small war, and during the war the British burned down the original White House. -
Monroe Doctrine
President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine, with the help of Jonh Quincy Adams. It was a U.S foreign policy that declared that Latina America, the western Hemisphere was closed from the European Colonization. -
Seward's Folly
Secretary State William H. Seward worked out a deal to purchase the region of Alaska from Russia. The U.S purchased Alaska for a total of $7.2 million. Also during this time the U.S trade expanded to the Pacific. -
Spanish-American War
In 1895 Cuba rebel against the Spanish rule, during this time the "yellow press" exaggerated on their stoires that would go on the newspaper, these stories got Americans attention. So President William McKinley order to send the battleship , the USS Maine, to Cuba to protect Americans citizens in Cuba. In February 1898 the USS Maine exploded in the Havana Harbor killing 266 US saliors. People were fast to blaim Spain and without looking for evidence US declared war on Spain on April 1898. -
U.S Annexes Hawaii
The U.S and Hawaii had an economic relationships fro decades with sugar. In 1891 Queen Liliuokalani becomes queen and it lowers in the American presences. The U.S sends marines to restore order and thow out the queen. Hawaii later becomes officially territory by the U.S in 1898. -
Treaty of Paris of 1898
This treaty officially ended the Spanish-American War. After the war is over US gains control of Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean and on the other side of the world they also gain control of the Philippines and Guam in the Pacific. After the war the US wasn't sure what to do with the Philippines many believed that they should take over and make the "civilized" others believed that they should leave it alone. The congress voted and annexed the Philippines as a US territory. -
The Philippine War (1899-1902)
After the Philippines were annexed by the US former US ally Emilio Aguinaldo organized a rebellion. The Filipinos used guerilla warfare against the US soldiers. In spring of 1901 Aguinaldo was captured and ended the Filipino rebellion. The Philippines didn't get their independence until WWII was eneded. -
the "Big Stick" Policy
President Roosevelt believed that America needed to creat a stronger military. His new policies started to be known as " Big Stick" diplomancy. -
Russo-Japanese War
Russia and Japan were feudong ober land ports in Korea and Manchuria. During the war Roosevelt got involved because he didn't want either country to have control over the region. The Treaty of Portsmouth was signed in1905 and eneded the war between Russia and Japan. -
Roosevelt Corollary
President Teddy Roosevelt updated the Monroe Doctrine which is known as the "Roosevelt Corollary" . It stated that US would use it's military power to stop any European country from intervening in Latin Americans affairs. This came about because many nations in Latin American had debt with European nations and they were afraid they would colect theri debt by sending their militaries. -
Gentleman's Agreement
After the war ended between Russia and Japan, Japanese immigrants started to migrate to the city of San Francisco. San Francisco started to passing restrictive laws towards the Japanese like banding Japanese children from attending public school. Roosevelt later created the Gentleman's Agreement whcih allowed Japanese children to attend school if Japana reduse Japanese immigrants from enterning into California. -
World War 1
World War 1 happen when Archduke Franz Ferdinand, leader of Austria Hungary was assassinated while visting Serbia.He was murdered by Bosnians, which were from Bosnia that were a territory that belonged to Austria Hungary. They believed that Bosnia should be part of Serbia. The Allies for the war were Russia, France, Serbia, Great Britain and United States of America. The central powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire. -
The Panama Canal
President Teddy Roosevelt took over control of the building of the Panama Canal in an effort to support the trading between US and Latin American. Before the Panama Canal could be construction the US needed permission from the Colombia government because at that moment Colombia own Panama. Colombia soon granted Panama's independence because the US sent warships. Once the canal open ships would cut time in traveling, instead of going all the down South America. -
The Zimmerman Telegram
During World War 1 in the begin the United States was not involved in the war. Later on Germany sent a telegram to Mexico asking them to join the war and them fight against the U.S. In return Germany promised Mexico the land that once belonged to them that the U.S now owns. The British found the message and gave to the U.S. On April 6, 1917 President Wilson became part of War World 1 because of the Zimmerman Note. -
The Neutrality Acts
Many Americans weren't happy when the U.S was in World War l and many wanted to stay out of World War ll. With that the U.S passes the Neutrality Acts in 1935-1937 which prohibited the United States from selling arms to any other nation. President Roosevelt didn't like the fact that these act didn't let him help its allies. -
World War ll
The second World War started when Germany invaded Poland and that grabbed the attention from Great Britain and France. They declared war against the Nazis.By 1940 Germany occupies France and then he turns his attention to Great Britain. -
Lend-Lease Act
President Roosevelt felt that the only way to defeat Hitler was by economically support the Allies. He convinced the Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act which allowed President Roosevelt to sell or lend war supplies to his Allied countries. -
Pearl Harbor
United States and Japan's relation during World War ll had been strained because the U.S presence in the Philippines and Guam threaten the Japanese in the Pacific. General Tojo, Prime Minister of Japan, was planning a surprise attack to drag the United States into the war and go against the Axis. On December 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor Navy Base stationed in Hawaii. The bomb killed 2,500 soldiers. On December 8,1941 President Roosevelt declares war against Japan. -
The Battle of Midway
This battle was a turning point in the Pacific Theater. The Japanese wished to attack Americans naval based that was at Midway, their goal was to capture the Naval Base in central Pacific. The Americans knew that the attack was coming because they intercepted with message of the Japanese attack and were able to plan out for the attack and be able to respond. With this victory it got Japanese aggression to stop in the Pacific. -
D-Day
This plan was made to invade the Nazi- control over France. U.S, British and the Soviet leaders began to build up troops in southern England.In respond Germany build up their defensive along the french coastline, they added machine guns bunkers, barbed wire fences, land and water mines and underwater obstruction. On D-Day Americans and British troops were dropped off on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of France's Normandy region. The allied warships and planes were in the coast. -
Atomic Bomb
In 1945 after President Roosevelt died Truman became President. During his Presidency they were working on the Manhattan Project which was a research which produce the first nuclear bomb. This bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan. The reason why the bomb was dropped was because after four years of war the Japanese would not surrender. After he bomb was dropped Japan surrender. -
Truman Doctine
The Soviet Union was attempting to spread communism over to small nations like Greece and Turkey. President Truman asked the Congress to financially help these two counties so they won't fall under the influence of the Soviet Union. This became known as the Truman Doctrine, it was setting a new course of American foreign policy. -
Containment Policy
George Keenan an American diplomat who published an article about what were he intentions of the Soviet Union. Keenan argue that the Soviet Union would be patient to attempts to expand communist influence. -
The Cold War
During World War ll there was a "Shotgun Marriage". Although the Soviet Union and the United States were allies during the war once it was over they two leaders disagreed on how Germany should be controlled after World War ll. US President Harry Truman believed that Germany should be Capitalist and Soviet Union dictator Joseph Stalin believed it should be a communist country. This rivalry for control between this two nation led to a 46 years problem known as the Cold War. -
Marshall Plan
After Wold War ll many European countries were in need of supplies like food, fuel, and medical supplies. The Secretary of State George Marshall made a plan to help European countries financially recover. The Marshall Plan helped make good relationships between Western Europe and the U.S and also reduce the influence o communism on the European nations. -
The Berlin Airlift
When Berlin was split with the Berlin Wall the not both sides were getting help from the Marshall Plan. Stalin cut off Berlin from Western contact. He closed all the land routes into city by having Soviet troops block the routes. Truman decided to fly the supplies over the cities for the citizens. Berlin Airlift deliver supplies over the city for about 11 months. -
The Korean War
After World War ll the country Korea was divided at the 38th parallel. North Korea became a communist under the control of the Soviet Union. South Korea was under the control of the United States. North Korea attacked South Korea with weapons supplies from the Soviet Union. In response President Truman sent troops to push back the North Koreans. -
Geneva Convention
The French were starting to lose control of their colonies in Indochina. At the end the French were forced to give the entire colony its independence because they did not get the help from the U.S. The Geneva Convention divided the land into three countries: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. In the convention it was also decided to divide Vietnam at the 17th parallel with the north being communism led by Ho Chi Minh and the south being Nationalists led by Ngo Dinh Diem. -
The Vietnam War
During the Vietnam War there was many secrets that were linked during LBJ's presidency. The war was so the south Vietnamese wouldn't fall into communism. With the U.S sending troops so they could help fight there was a lot of shocking things coming out like the secret of bombing Cambodia, because of that the congress passed the War Powers Act. -
Space Race
During the Cold War another conflict between the Soviet Union and U.S was the Space War. on April 1961 the soviet put their first man on the moon, President Kennedy promised to put an American man on the Moon a decade later. On July 20, 1969 Apollo 11 landed on the moon unfortunately President Kennedy died before seeing his dream come true. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
United States discovers nuclear missile in Cuba which is 90 miles from Miami, FL. Russia was part of the missile being there. US had a missile as well station in Turkey which was closed to Russia.For 13 days people that there would be a nuclear war. JFK and Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed to not drop the missiles. -
Vietnamization
President Nixon announced a plan called Vietnamization. This plan was created to bring back troops that were at Vietnam fighting the Vietnam War. Through out the years the number of troops in Vietnam decrease from 500,000 to just under 30,000 troops in 1972. This was a promise he made to the country telling them that he would bring back the troops home. -
End of Detente
After the Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan and the United States boycott of the 1980 Olympics the United States didn't participate on the Olympics that year because they were being hosted on The Soviet Union. You can tell that detente was a thing of the past. -
Richard Nixon
One of President Nixon's accomplishment during his presidency was that he was the 1st president to visit China while it was still a communist country. With this visit it opened China to American policy toward communism. -
Gas Shortages
On the Jewish Holy day of Yom Kippur a war broke out between Israel and Arab states led by Syria and Egypt. President Nixon helped by sending troops to Israel after the troops were there the war ended pretty quickly. But the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) weren't happy that the U.S helped out Israel and they decided to punish the U.S. Oil was not being exported and gas shortage was happening. This was not helping out the economy. -
Iranian Revolution
In 1979 the people from Iran weren't happy with their leader. While the Shah was out of the country he was overthrown. They wanted their nation to be run by a strong religious leader named Ayatollah. The United States had their Shah because he had cancer and was getting treated but the people of Iran weren't happy with that and they wanted him back to get rid of him. -
The Camp David Accords
During President Carter presidency one of his accomplishment was the Camp David Accords which was a peace agreement between Egypt and Israel in 1978. This were the first signed peace agreement between countries of the Middle East. -
The Fourteen Points
President Woodrow Wilson made a statement called the fourteen points which was to make world peace and a order to end World War l. -
Iran Hostage Crisis
President Carter not wanting to send the Shah back to Iran got the Islamic people mad and they went to the US embassy in the Iranian capital of Tehran. 52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days. They were finally releases on January 20, 1981 when Carter left office and Ronald Reagan became president. -
Iran-Contra Scandal
During President Reagan's second term he was on a scandal involving the sale of weapons to Iran. He was trying to free 7 Americans hostages from Iran. The money then would be given to fund to an anti-communist fighters called "Contras" in the country Nicaragua. These both actions violated the act of Congress. -
George W. Bush
Even though he was president he is also remember for guiding the United States through the Persian Gulf War which was the first Iraqi War. Sadden Hussian and the Iraqi army invade neighboring Kuwait. the United States sent troops to help out Kuwait. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
President Reagan pushed Soviet Union leader Gorbachev to end communism. The Berlin Wall torn down. After many years families were reunited. Communist East Germany and capitalist West Germany became one country. -
START l & START ll
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty was signed in 1991 to reduce the number of warheads in both United States and Russia. START ll later on reduced more number of warheads, which also added the U.S aid for Russian economy. President Bush and Russian's President, Boris Yeltsin to work together to get rid of the large amount of warheads that were produce -
Cold War Ends
Gorbachev resigns as leader of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union split into 15 individual nations including Russia, the Ukraine, Belans, and Kazakhstan. After 50 years of the standoff between the Soviet Union and United States was known as the Cold War -
NAFTA
The North American Free Trade Agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico. This was made during the Presidency of President Clinton. It was made to remove all tariffs on trade between this three countries. -
Twin Towers
19 Islamist terrorists with al-Qaeda hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners. The most known one was the twin towers. Two planes hit the towers which made the towers to collapse and got destroyed as well. It killed and injured hundreds of people -
The War of Terror
After the attack of 9/11 President Bush announced a global War on Terrorism. The invasion was called Operation Enduring Freedom. The United States invaded invaded Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban regime.
