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Alan Turing was born in Paddington, London. His parents were Julius Mathison and Ethel Sara Turing.
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After being allowed to attend school despite his irregular ideas, Turing met Christopher Morcom who shared a similar intellect and inspired Turing to continue his passion. Morcom had a sudden death in 1930.
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Enrolled to study mathematics. Turing was able to freely study his own passion.
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Turing was elected for a fellowship because of his research in probability theory.
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Releasing his paper, "On Computable Numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem", Turing explained the model of the Turing machine and how it can use the digital computer to compute.
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Turing goes to America to continue his study in mathematics and is awarded a PhD.
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Turing returns to King's College and joins the Government Code and Cypher School. After the war with Germany is declared, Turing goes to Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire.
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Turing and others develop a code-breaking machine for Enigma decryption, Bombe. It was used by the Allies for military intelligence and decoded thousands of messages a month.
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Turing leaded the team "Hut 8" at Bletchley, which helped in decrypting the German naval signals. This gave a major advantage to the Allies during the Battle of the Atlantic.
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For his work in code breaking, Turing was made on Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire at the end of the war.
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After the end of the war, Turing was recruited by the NPL to create an electronic computer. He publishes a paper that explains a detailed design of a computer with a stored-program.
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Turing is made the deputy director of the Computing Laboratory at Manchester University. He worked on the Manchester computer project which was influenced by his Turing machine.
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At Manchester, Turing writes a programming system used in the Ferranti Mark I. It was the first digital computer to become marketable.
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Comparing machinery with how a human brain works, Turing discovered and researched artificial intelligence. He then developed the Turing test which helped to determine the possibilities on if a computer can "think".
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Turing was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London based on his work over the last 15 years, which was a very high honor for him to receive.
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The police learned of Turing's sexual relationship with another man. Turing is convicted of "gross indecency" and instead of going to jail, chooses to receive hormone "therapy" for a year. Because of this, he was given a criminal record and no longer able to work for the Government Communications Headquarters.
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Turing used Manchester's Ferranti Mark I computer to model his research of artificial life. He was in the middle of looking at the anatomical structures in both plants and animals.
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A year after the cruel treatment by authorities, Turing was found dead in his bed due to cyanide poisoning with a half-eaten apple beside his bed. The coroner's verdict was suicide, however it is also possible that it was an accident. In 2013, Queen Elizabeth II granted Turing a royal pardon.
