-
-
They believed that diseases were caused by evil spirits
-
Doctors would perform ceremonies to exorcise evil spirits.
-
digitalis is used to treat heart conditions. Quinine is used to control fevers, muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria. Belladonna and atropine is used to relive muscle spasms, mostly used for GI pain. Morphine is used for treating severe pain.
-
-
The Egyptians were the first people to keep accurate health records. The priests would act as the physicians. They used medicines to heal diseased and learned the art of splinting fractures and bloodletting. -
The Chinese learned to treat a variety of illness and disease with stone tools. These methods eventually developed into the practice of Chinese acupuncture
-
The Greeks were the first to study the causes of diseases and determined that illnesses may have natural causes instead of spiritual. The Greeks were not allowed to dissect the body but Hippocrates based his knowledge on observation of the external body. He kept notes of the effects the diseases had on the body and found that diseases were not caused by spiritual forces. -
Romas brought clean water into their cities by waterways. They also built sewers to carry off waste and public baths with filtering systems. The Roman’s were the first to develop healthcare. They sent medical equipment that they needed and physicians with their armies to care for the hurt soldiers. They also kept a room in their houses for the ill. This is what started the development of hospitals. They started creating public buildings for the sick or wounded, and the physicians were paid.
-
-
The church believed that life and death were only in God’s hands. -
The primary treatment was prayer. They occasionally used herbal mixtures.
-
-
- Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
- Smallpox
- Diphtheria
- Syphilis
- Turberculosis
-
-
there was building of universities and medical schools, searches for new ideas about disease, acceptance of dissections of the body for studies, and the development of the press publishing books, which allowed greater access to knowledge from their research.
-
-
Leonardo studied and recorded the anatomy of the body. -
Gabrielle discovered the fallopian tubes.
-
Bartolommeo discovered the the tube leasing from the ear to the throat (Eustachian tube)
-
William used his knowledge to understand physiology and was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of a heart. -
Antonie invented the microscope, establishing that there is life smaller than the eye can see.
-
In medieval England, the apothecaries engaged in a flourishing trade of drugs and spices from the east.
-
-
Benjamin's discoveries affected us in many ways. His discovery included bifocals, and he found that colds could be passed from person to person. -
students attended lectures in the classroom, laboratory, and observed patients at the bedside. when a patient died they dissected the body and were able to observe the disease process.
-
Joseph discovered the element oxygen and observed that plants refresh air that has lost its oxygen making it suitable for respiration.
-
Edward discovered a method to cure smallpox. He saved millions of lives and also led to an immunization and to preventive medicine in public health.
-
Rene invented the stethoscope. Increased the ability to hear the heart and lungs allowing doctors to find if a disease was present.
-
-
Identified the cause of childbed fever. He realized that the physicians that wouldn’t clean their hands or wear gloves were infecting the patients that were giving birth and the baby.
-
Florence took 28 women to care for soldiers during the war and became a legend and devoted her time to reports stating that they need better sanitation and construction management for hospitals.
-
Louis discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere. He proved that they causes many diseases.
-
he discovered that some diseases are cause by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope. Called viruses.
-
learned about Pasteur discovery that microorganisms can cause infection. He used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs that cause infections. He became the first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery.
-
Ernst developed asepiss. He knew from previous physicians that germs caused infections in wounds. What he did was develop a metic to keep an area germ-free before and after surgery.
-
Robert discovered many disease causes g organisms. He developed the culture plate method to find pathogens and isolate the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. Also introduced the importance of being clean and sanitizing tools to stop spread of disease.
-
Paul discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms. The treatment that he used was effective against some but wasn’t effective in killing other bacteria. His discovery brought about using chemicals to fight off bacteria.
-
Wilhelm discovered x-rays in 1895. He then took his very first x-ray picture of his wife’s hand. His discovery allowed doctors to see inside the body and helped them all to discover what was wrong with the patient.
-
before anesthesia surgery and pain were a huge problem. Surgery was always performed without any pain reliever like anesthesia. They would try to use herbs and alcohol to try and help but that didn’t always work very well. Many of their patients ended up dying because of shock or pain. They discovered new drugs that could be used to put people under and not have the ability for that person to feel any pain. These were the basis for the anesthesia we have today.
-
Alexander found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria. This discovery us considered one of the most important discoveries for our health care system today.
-
Sigmund discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind. He studied that the mind and the body work together. This discovery led to the understanding of physical illness caused by emotional conflict. His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry.
-
Gerhard discovered sulfonamide compounds. These were the first medications effective in killing bacteria. They also changed the practice of medicine by killing deadly diseases.
-
Jonas discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis. This virus paralyzed thousands of adults and children every year. This virus seemed to attack the most active and athletic people.
-
Albert used a live polio virus vaccine, and is more effective than Salks virus. This vaccine is used today to immunize babies against dreaded diseases.
-
Francis and James discovered the molecular structure of DNA. Based on its known double helix, they were able to model and explain how DNA replicates and how hereditary information is coded on it. This set an amount of very rapid advancements on molecular biology that continue to this day. -
Christian performed the first successful heart transplant ever. -
Ben Continues to be a pioneer in separating Siamese twins and performing hemispherectomies, surgeries on the brain to stop seizures
-
-
Augmented reality is a technology that adds digital images or information to your own view of the real world and its often using a smartphone or special glasses. Many hospitals and heath professional are now using AR and VR in many ways: overlaying 3D images or organs, blood, or tumors onto patients bodies during an operation, providing medical students and residents with interactive simulations, and to project images of veins onto the skin to help healthcare providers locate veins more easily. -
scientists completed the first ever draft that sequenced the human genome. The information from our DNA is used to develop new was to treat, cure, or prevent thousands of diseases that affect humans. Gene sequencing has already helped researchers identify single genes that cause diseases, enabling them to create treatments.
-
Because of the shortage of organs over the past 10 years, physicians found that living cells could be spraysed through inkjet printers without being harmed in any way. So they would use different cell types that would be combined with polymers and sprayed through different print heads. The polymers help the cell structure keep its shape making it possible to spray layers upon layers that bind together and grow living, functional tissues. The body parts that are printed are: eye,tooth and heart. -
Functional MRIs make it possible for doctors and scientists to virtually read minds. The regular MRIs allow doctors to see how the brain looks while this new breakthrough allows them to see how the brain reacts and looks while doing different activities. They can track changes in the brain cells, oxygen levels, blood circulation, and how the neurons function.
-
Human volunteers received the first ever transfusion of red blood cells that were grown in a lab. These volunteers were part of a randomized controlled clinical trial called RESTORE, and they only received about 1-2 teaspoons of blood, but they are so far all in good health. This blood was grown from donor stem cells and if this experiment goes well, manufactured blood cells could completely transform treatments for people with blood disorders.