-
Jan 1, 1274
Marco Polo
Marco Polo's interaction with the orient has been penned to detail in his travelogue. This has helped us to assimilate information on oriental and occidental interactions even as the crusades were on. In the war between Venice and Genoa, Marco Polo was captured and imprisoned, in 1298. It was in prison that a French cell-mate noted his accounts in 'Il Milione' or 'The Million'. As a wealthy merchant, Marco Polo financed world expeditions. -
Jan 1, 1434
Prince Hernry
Prince Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese prince who found a sea route to Africa. He and his crew was the first europeans to reach India sea. He was also famous for improving maps of Africa. Prince Henry sent 14 expeditions there over 12 years, trying to go farther than Cape Bojador. Prince Henry convinced Gil Eannes to try, and Eannes succeeded in 1434. -
Nov 30, 1483
Martin Luther
German monk, priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation.He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the pope and condemnation as an out -
Dec 1, 1483
Martin Luther
His translation of the Bible into the vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, causing a tremendous impact on the church and on German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the translation into English of the King James Bible. His hymns influenced the development of singing in churches -
Aug 1, 1492
Columbus set sail to what he thought were the East Indies
Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, landing in the "new world" of the Americas fame. Using ships and money provided by Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille, Columbus sailed west in search of a sea passage to India. Christopher Columbus was a navigator, colonizer and explorer who played a key role in helping to spread civilization across a significant portion of the Earth. -
Dec 16, 1497
da gama - sailor
The Portuguese Vasco Da Gama was 28 years old when he set sails, leading three ships, each weighing 100 tons and a crew of more than 160 people south to Cabo Verde and further south up to the Cape of Good Hope. Vasco succeeded in passing on 16th of December 1497. After that they entered waters in which no European has ever been to. They reached the first coast on Christmas, and called it Natal. -
Jan 1, 1504
Hernan Cortes
In 1511, Cortes accompanied Diego Velasquez to colonize Cuba. Later, he held the office of Santiago in the new colony. Velasquez sent Cortes to Mexican coast as the commander of the expedition. First he went to the island of Santo Domingo (now known as the Dominican Republic) in 1504. He was only 19 years old at the time. He stayed there for seven years, then took part in the Spanish conquest of Cuba in 1511. He became mayor of Santiago de Cuba and stayed there until 1518. -
Jan 1, 1509
Francsico Pizarro
he joined many expeditions a 15 year time span. His first exploration only let him reach the Colombia coastline where he was able to find small quantity of gold. Then several years later, in 1528 to be exact he received another financial backing from some Spanish investors to explore the South Americas and find more treasure, but he only got as far as Ecuador, -
Oct 31, 1517
luther wrote his bishop
Luther wrote to his bishop, Albert of Mainz, protesting the sale of indulgences. He enclosed in his letter a copy of his "Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences," which came to be known as The Ninety-Five Theses. Hans Hillerbrand writes that Luther had no intention of confronting the church, but saw his disputation as a scholarly objection to church practices -
Sep 1, 1519
spanish explorer - ferdinand magella
the first sea explorer to circumnavigate around the globe and prove that the Earth was a sphere, rather than a flat piece of land. He took this voyage with ive ships. Though he was unable to complete the voyage, he is credited to be the first person in terms of circumnavigation of the Earth. he was the first one to initiate the voyage. -
Jan 1, 1520
luther impact
Martin Luther made the Bible available to the people. He influenced religious thought throughout Europe. Luther also weakened the power of the Church. -
Jan 1, 1520
luther accomplisments
Martin Luther published the 95 theses which criticized the Catholic Church. He taught that the Bible should be the sole authority in the Church. He also taught to trust in Jesus, do good works and trust in the Bible. Later he criticized the Pope for selling indulgences. Then he was later tried by the Diet in Worms. After that he was excommunicated. In 1520 he published three works spelling out his understanding of Christianity. Then he translated the New and Old Testaments into German. -
Mar 1, 1522
ignatius of loyola
After being seriously wounded at the Battle of Pamplona in 1521, he underwent a spiritual conversion while in recovery. De Vita Christi by Ludolph of Saxony inspired Loyola to abandon his previous military life and devote himself to labour for God, following the example of spiritual leaders such as Francis of Assisi. He experienced a vision of the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus while at the shrine of Our Lady of Montserrat in March 1522. -
Apr 18, 1531
francsico pizarro
Armed with 200 men and 3 ships in 1531, he started his journey to what was his greatest achievement. Then in 1532 Pizarro finally reached Cajamarca and conquered the Incas city, the former Emperor of Inca offered massive gold to the Captain for his released. Then in 1535, Francisco Pizarro formally founded the Lima, Peru and called the city Ciudad de los Reyes “City of the kings”. This is a great accomplishment for someone illiterate, -
May 10, 1534
Jacques Cartier first expedition
Jacques Cartier led three voyages to the St Lawrence region in 1534, 1535-36 and 1541-42. He was the first European to describe and map. -
Jan 1, 1536
Calvin
He broke from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530. After religious tensions provoked a violent uprising against Protestants in France. Calvin fled to Basel, Switzerland, where he published the first edition of his seminal work The Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536. He is credited with advancing the cause of the Reformation to such diverse locations as Geneva, America, Holland, Poland and Scotland. -
Jan 1, 1539
Ignatius
In 1539, Ignatius drew up a Formula for a new order and secure papal approval. It served as the basis for the later Constitutions, published at his death, by which Jesuits have been governed ever since. -
Jan 1, 1540
Ignatius
Ignatius's great interests seem to have been the foreign missions and the education of youth. Many schools were opened in Europe during his lifetime, and missions were begun in Japan, India, and Brazil.
He was dominated all his life by a desire to imitate Christ. His Spiritual Exercises, written over a number of years, are a series of reflections, examinations of conscience, and prayers, grouped according to a traditional set of four steps leading to mystical union with God. -
Jan 1, 1543
Copernicus published first book
He was a lawyer, tax collector, a doctor, military governor, judge, vicar-general of canon law and a Polish astronomer. He claimed that the sun was the center of the universe and all the planets revolved around it. He published a book on the revolution of the heavenly bodies, De Revolutions was his most famous piece of work. -
Jan 1, 1564
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer who is arguably the father of modern science. -
Nov 11, 1572
tycho brahe finds a supernova
Tycho saw a brilliant star in the constellation of Cassiopeia, which he had never noticed before. getting one of his assistants to verify that he wasn't just "seeing" things, he began many observations of what we now realize must have been a supernova. his extensive observations, established beyond any doubt that it was a real phenomenon, out in stellar space, and not simply some atmospheric or other near-Earth apparition. -
Galileo's mathematics
Galileo's most important achievement involved his pioneering application of mathematics to the study of motion. he did not regard mathematics to be divorced from the material world as was generally believed throughout history. he viewed math as the "language" of reality and consequently indispensable to understanding it. -
over look on descartes
French philosopher, mathematician, and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He has been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day. -
tycho brahe
Tycho Brahe was a brilliant astronomer and scientist of his time, and has had a big significance on the development of astronomy, science in general, and our view of the world.
He is especially famous for two things, his damaged nose, and his death. It has long been thought that Tycho Brahe died of a complication to his bladder, when he did not let his urine from politeness at a dinner eleven days before his death. more recent studies show it was mercury poisioning. -
Kepler published two laws of motion.
He is best known for his three laws of planetary motion which would provide one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation. He used the scientific method and employed its steps to develop his three laws, including hypothesis, observation and testing. he discovered the first two laws in 1609. He published the last law in 1619. -
galileo galilei jupter
Galileo observed with his telescope what he described at the time as "three fixed stars, totally invisibleby their smallness", all close to Jupiter, and lying on a straight line through it. Observations on subsequent nights showed that the positions of these "stars" relative to Jupiter were changing. On January 10 Galileo noted that one of them had disappeared, an observation which he attributed to its being hidden behind Jupiter. Within a few days he concluded that they were orbiting Jupiter. -
Novum Organum, published
Bacon's contribution was his emphasis and application of induction. Induction is knowledge that begins from empirical sense experience. Bacon has been called the creator of empiricism. He published a method, Novum Organum, in 1622. -
robert boyle
was a 17th century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, also noted for his writings in theology. He has been variously described as Irish, English and Anglo-Irish, his father having come to Ireland from England during the time of the Plantations. -
descartes accomplishments
He established a new, clear way of thinking about philosophy and science by rejecting all ideas based on assumptions or emotional beliefs and accepting only those ideas which could be proved by direct observation. He took as his philosophical starting point the statement Cogito ergo sum -- "I think, therefore I am." Descartes made major contributions to modern mathematics, especially in developing the Cartesian coordinate system and advancing the theory of equations. -
boyle accomplishments ;
boyles law - The volume of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with the pressure when the temperature is constant. Boyle’s Law underlies the forecasts: areas of high and low pressure and the fronts between them.
Boyle helped establish science as we know it today.After moving to Oxford 1654, Boyle set out to improve the air pump that hat been invented by Otto von Guericke. With the resulting “Pneumatical Engine”, finished in 1659, he carried out a series of experiments on the nature of air. -
Newton
The Newton's Laws of Motion became the founding principle of mechanics and enlightened the masses about the relationships between force and motion. In 1665, Isaac Newton invented the generalized binomial theorem and started working on the development of a mathematical theory, which went on to become the infinitesimal calculus, a very important branch of mathematics.
