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Frederick Douglas
Leader of the abolitionist movement. His writings contradicted the fact that slaves did not have the intellectual capacity to functions as independent American citizens. He was famous for the life of Fredrick Douglas -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Created the “separate but equal” doctrine. It set into practice racial segregation in public facilities. -
the Great Migration
It Created the first black working class, some improvements in the North granted all adult men with the right to vote; provided better educational advancement for African-Americans and their children; and offered greater job opportunities as a result of World War I and the industrial revolution. It moved around 7 million African Americans North. -
Harlem Renaissance
This movement was when blacks moved into harlem in masses because they were being pushed out of the metropolitan area. It was an era where belief in art and literature was thought to lift African-Americans out of their situation. Jazz became very popular as well. The leaders of this movement were Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois. -
Marcus Garvey
Founder of the UNIA which had more than 65,000 members. Also came up with the idea of Garveyism where the persons of African ancestry should redeem Africa and European colonial powers should be removed completely. -
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
He opposed the Atlanta Comprise which said that blacks must work and submit to white political rule, while whites agreed that blacks would receive basic education and economic opportunities. He lead the Niagra movement which would give blacks full civil rights and political representation. He also believed in advanced education to help develop African American leadership. -
Alain Locke
He edited an issue of Survey Graphic, it was specially devoted to race. He turned it into a showpiece for gifted African-American writers in Harlem. It was a success and rebutted the argument that African Americans were not capable of great literature. -
Brown V. Board of Education
This case overturned Plessy v. Ferguson by saying it was unconstitutional to have segregated public schools. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
He was the leader of the Civil Rights movement and rebutted Malcom X's ways of violence with his idea of civil disobedience. He had one of the biggest impacts on giving African Americans constitutional rights. -
Malcom X
He was the leader of Nation of Islam, and believed that Segregation was a good thing until all African Americans could return to Africa. He was also pro-violence unlike Martin Luther King Jr. because he believed in self-defense against whites. -
Huey Newton
He was a co-founder of the Black Panther Party. The Party's political goals included better housing, jobs, and education for African Americans. The group believed that violence - or the threat of it - might be needed to bring about social change. -
William Fontaine
His famous works included Reflections on segregation, desegregation, power, and morals. He believed when a group desired a certain state of affairs, it might alter the attitudes of the fundamental to its ethical stance, for example WWI. -
Lewis Gordon
Was the leader of black existentialism which critiques domination and affirms the empowerment of black people in the world. He also questions racism saying a racist attempts to avoid social reality. -
Trayvon Martin
A young African American boy was shot to death and the killer was let off because he claimed it was slef-defense. After the media got word it became a question of race and how the consequences would have been different if the victim was white. Eventually the killer (George Zimmerman) was arrested and tried and was charged with second-degree murder and other manslaughter charges. -
Barack Obama
The first African American was inagurated
