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8 Months- Object Permanence
Adelaide began to exemplify object permanence when she was bout 8 months old. When I hid an object, she was able to find it as long as I didn't distract her or wait too long. Object permanence is the ability for infants to undertsnad that something exists even if it they cannot see, hear, or feel it. Piaget determined that infants between 4 and 8 months will look for an object after it has diappeared. Between 8-12 months it develops much more. (Pg. 147-148) -
Age 2- Sociomoral Emotions
Adelaide has started to give shy smiles when she is asked to be in a picture. She acts embarrassed when she has a potty accident, and looks gulty if she breaks something. During toddlerhood, children develop secondary emotions such as guilt, shame, and embarrassment. They start to try to avoid being in these emotional states, and it helps lead to emotional self-regualtion (Pg. 201) . Adelaide worked to prevent potty accidents becasue they made her embarrassed. -
Age 3- Empathy
Adelaide started showing empathy. When my husband and I are arguing, she gets really concerned. I left the house during one argument, and for days she was asking me if I was going to run away, and was crying. Empathy is one of the sociomoral emotions, it has to do with wanting to comfort someone, undertsnading that there is an issue, and being affected by their pain.The development of empathy shows the todler understands herself as being distinc from others (Pg. 202) -
Age 4- Gender Roles
Adelaide has begun to develop rigid gender roles ,such as what colors boys can wear and what they can play with, and what professions women and men should do. She says women can't be police officers. Children form rigid gender roles because they beleive that, for example, playing with trucks is what makes him a boy, and playing with dolls makes her a girl. They haven't formed the knowledge of gender constancy- and knowing that biological factors determine sex (pg. 257) -
Age 6- Cultural Learning
Adelaide had been showing a lot of cultural learning. Cognitive development is a social and cultural process. Children learn the skills that are important to their culture, such as helping to make food or holding conversations with adults (Pg. 245). Adelaide learns at school and at home to work cooperatively, respect rights and property, speak and listen well, work independently, and follow directions and classroom rules. -
Age 10- Social Skills and Popularity
Adelaide was nervous about 6 grade. She was scared by middle school horror stories. She has never had many friends and is slow to warm up to other children. She is considerate, friendly, cooperative, and helpful. These are factors of social skills, and hence popularity in school. Adelaide is more of a neglected child because she is not greatly liked or disliked (Pg.321). She has a couple friends but is not very popular even though she has many good social skills. -
Age 12- Emotionality in Adolescence
Adelaide is going through some stormy emotions. She has mood swings and will shut herself in her room. She argues about her bedtime, clothes, and chores. She will also keep her emotions to herself. Adolescence is a time of emotions. They feel more embarrassed, awkward, nervous, and lonely than their parents.They are also moodier than younger children. These emotions are a result of cognitive, biological, and emotional changes (Pg. 362-363). -
Age 14- Metacognition
Adelaide has begun showing metacognition. This is the ability to think about thinking. It allows an adolescent to think about the thoughts of other people, and their opinions on these thoughts (Pg. 356). For example, Adelaide came home from school one day and wanted to talk to me about a long conversation she had had on the bus with another student about their views on politics and religion. -
Age 16- Autonomy
Adelaide and I are struggling with autonomy. She drank a little at a party and got a tattoo with her boyfriend without my permission. Adolescence in Western cultures is a time of finding autonomy (self-sufficiency and independence). Parents want their children to learn autonomy, but struggle with their children's decisions. They set rules to guide their behaviors, which the adolescent resents, and this causes conflict (Pg. 372). -
Age 17- Musical Intelligence
Adelaide has shown strong musical intelligence her entire life. She plays the violin, guitar, piano, and took voice lessons. She is average at math and science, but excels in music. IQ tests only encompass linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence. However, Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence includes eight types of intelligence; musical being among them. Gardner said that schools should give more attention to developing these eight different types of intelligence (Pg. 303).
