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In the 1600's a formal colonial education was mainly for boys. Some girls and boys might have had been taught the "Four R's",reading, 'riting, 'rithmetic, and religion, at home. A Dane School is when, sometimesfor a small price, a housewife is to be hired to teach children a little reading and writing, basic prayers and religous beliefs. In this schol girls would also learn some basic household skills, such as cooking and sewing.
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Origination in New England during colonial times, the concept of local schools spread during the nineteenth century with the common school district system. Because of a strong federal government, the framers of the United States Constitution made no reference to education. As a result, state governments assumed the role of educational authorities and then delegated substantial powers to local school boards. Not until the mid-twentieth century did the federal government really become involved.
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In the Colonial Period, education was generally private and primarily for the middle and upper classes. Nationhood brpught not only the spread of publicly supported educatin but, by the early twentieth century, compulsory education as well. Nevertheless, private education remains a small but important part of the overall educational system.
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The basic abilities to read, write, and do arithmetic were once sufficient to prepare most children for their adult roles in society. However, the growth of urban, industrial life in America during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries also demanded that people be educated for work. The result was the comprehensive public high school, which includes both training for trades and preparation for college.
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In the earliest colonial times, the purpose of education was religious training. Beginning in the eighteenth century and progressing through the twentieth, the function of american education became increasingly secular, concerned with producing socially responsible citizens. Religous study has remained mainly in the private sector.
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Literacy and classical learning were the main goals of colonial education, whereas practical skills for a pragmatic, democratic society were the aims of the nineteenth century schools. Technical and scientific literacy became the basics in the computer and space age late twentieth century.
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Education for all children has been a developing theme in American Education. In the colonial period, education was reserved for a small minrity, mainly white males. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, children from various groups previously omitted from educational opportunity gained access to elementary and secondary education. Today a college education is generally available to all who actively seek it.
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Harvard College was the first Post-Secondary school in North American continent and established in the Boston, Massachusetts area.
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Puritans pass first public education law. decrees that every town of at least 50 families hire a schoolmaster who would teach the town's children to read and write and that all towns of at least 100 families should have a Latin grammar school master who will prepare students to attend Harvard College.
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Required communitiesd of fifty or more families to establish elementary schools , also required communities of one hundred or more families to establish Latin Schools.
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John locke believed that we aquire knowledge of the world through our senses. He was a pioneer of the inductive, or scientific, method. He also recommended that utilitarian and practical learning should be done in a slow, gradual process.
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<a href='http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_England_Primer' >The new england primer </a
First printed in boston. The New England Primer was a textbook used by students in the 19th century. -
The first publicly supported library in the U.S. is established in Charles Town, South Carolina.
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In New England, the Reverend Cotton Mather stared an evening school for slaves.
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The academy Curriculum in the 18th century
Benjamin Franklin helps to establish the first "English Academy" in Philadelphia with a curriculum that is both classical and modern, including such courses as history, geography, navigation, surveying, and modern as well as classical languages. The academy ultimately becomes the University of Pennsylvania. -
Concerned with the sale of public lands in the northwest Territory, congress passed the Northwest Ordinance of 1875.Congress reaffirmed that "religion, morality, and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged." Designed to prepare young men for college.
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First school for girlsThe Young Ladies Academy opens in Philadelphia and becomes the first academy for girls in America.
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An African Free School was established in New York City with an enrollment of forty students, which grew to over five hundred by 1820.
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Johann believed the chief aim of education was moral development. He developed the concept of curriculum correlation, where each subject should be taught so it relates to other subjects. He believed geography, history, and literature were core subjects. He developed the Herbartian method of instruction:
1. preperation; 2. presentation; 3. association; 4. systematization; and 5. application. -
Private secondary schools designed to provide practical rather than college preparatory studies.
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The earliest secondary institution was the Latin Grammer school, whose name gradually came to mean "college preparatory school."
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Private secondary schools designed to prepare for business and life; emphasized a practical curriculum, but gradually shifted back to college preperation.
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He stressed the importance of children learning through their senses and concrete situations. He advocated love and unconditional acceptance of children; school should be like warm and loving homes.
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By the end of the civil war, Horace Mann and other common school advocates, the ideal of universal elementary education was generally acknowledged, if not universally practiced.
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Boston The first public high school, Boston English High School, opens
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Provided public secondary schooling: combined functions of Latin grammer schools and academies (college preparation and preparation for life and business).
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Friedrich Froebel of Germany developed the first kidergarten in 1837.
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Round 1850, about 6000 academies were in operation.
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The U.S. Congress passed this act. This legislation granted each state a minimum of 30,000 acres of federal land with the proviso that the income from the rent or sale of these lands must be used to establish colleges for the study of agricultural and mechanical arts. " seperate but equal"
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Maria established that preschools run on the principle of allowing children freedom within a carefully designed enviroment works best. Her curriculum focused on three types of experiences; practical, sensory, and formal studies. She created learning materials designed to develop sensory and muscular coordination. It required considerable training of teachers to implement the structed curriculum.
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Designed to provide students in 7-9 with better preperation for high school.
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In 1912, the southern states as a group paid white teachers slightly more than $10 per white child in school but African American teachers less than $3 per African American child.
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In 1924 the indians finally became american citizens but they didnt get to controll their own education. The federal government directed the Native Americans educatio n until the mid 1970's.
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Eleven states and the District of Columbia had passed the compulsatory attendance laws in addition to making common schools generally available.
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Designed to meet the unique needs of preadolscents, usually grades 6-8: an alternative to junior high schools.
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By 1965 native americans had begun to demand control of their schools, and a few demonstration sites for such tribal schools were funded.
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The 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act provided new support to the education of Hispanics, as it did to the education of Native Americans.
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Elementary and Secondary Education Act provided more federal aid to public schools.
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Congress enacted three bills that affected Native American education and self-determination. Thgese bills encourages the establishmentr of community- run schools, offered grants to develop culturally relevant and bilingual curriculum materials, placed the Office of Indian Education under the U.S. Office if Education, and established an advisory council made up of Native Americans.
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The U.S. Supreme Court established in Lau v. Nichols that schools must offer students sufficient special instruction to be afforded equal education opportunity.
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Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act.
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A 1997 evaluation of Native American schools concluded that they should integrate their programs into a whole school, standards based reform effort and increase the participation of the Native American Community.
