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Period: to
1980 Decade - Political Education
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Department of Education
DOE created 6 mos before Reagan elected; Tremendous growth of programs- $4 million spent on 20 programs in1960; $15 billion spent in 1980 on 150 programs -
Election Year
Reagan elected 1980 defeating incumbent democrat Jimmy Carter; American hostages at U.S. embassy in Iran probably influenced election. -
Period: to
Education on top of the National Political Agenda
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Budget Reconciliation Act - ECIA/ESEA
Republican Bill introduced Education Consolidation and Improvement Act (ECIA) to completely redo Elementary and Secondary Education (ESEA). Reauthorized for 6 years. Engineered by OMB's Stockman. Consolidated education programs; included Kemp-Roth tax cut; assuring federal revenue growth would slow dramatically; cut Great Society Programs -
Secretary of Education
Reagan's secretary of Education Terrell "Ted" Bell, appointed National Council on Excellence in Education as a way of shoring up department and keeping it from being abolished -
NGA
National Governors’ Association (NGA) convinced Ted Bell that what the Governors (and therefore the nation) needed was data comparing state data of student achievement. -
Wall Chart
Wall Chart debut ed to the fury of educators and politicians. The Chart, a comparison of states, showed ACT and SAT scores, poverty rates, teacher salaries and dropout rates. -
Presidential Election
1984 Re-election campaign, education scarcely mentioned; major campaign issues were the budget deficit and free trade. -
Ted Bell Resigns
Resigned after Reagan won 2nd term and cut education
spending. Only Lyndon Johnson, and to a degree Jimmy Carter, had exceeded what Bell accomplished for education. -
Bill Bennett...new Sect'y of Education
Ted Bell's successor as Secretary of Education. Had enormous impact on changing the governance of the third-largest school district (Chicago) in the nation. -
NAEP
Bennett appointed commission to examine & make recommendations. Led to substantial improvements of the use of data collected and disseminated by the feds as a lever for change. -
A Time for Results
National Governor’s Association (NGA) made of state Governors such as Richard Riley, later Clinton’s Secretary of Education and Tennessee governor Lamar Alexander issued A Time for Results -
ECIA/ESEA
Hawkins-Stafford ECIA/ESEA
Major bill introduced 5/21/1987 to reauthorize ECIA/ESEA. Coupled with amendments banning telephone services that allow callers to listen to pornographic msgs. -
Period: to
Education back on top of National Political Agenda
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Presidential Election
George H.W. Bush, Reagan’s former Vice President, unchallenged for the Republican nomination. Education not a topic of discussion or concern during election. End of Reagan era where education was seen as a battle over appropriations. -
NGA
George H. W. Bush (Reagan’s former VP) challenged business execs to accept assignment to work with specific state Governor and state leaders (same group that issued A Time for Results) to help improve schools by forming National Educational Goals. Beginning of significant role of business in influencing educational policy. Is this the beginning of a shift of focus for the “crisis in education”? Is the role of schools to produce a productive work force? -
Nat'l Education Goals
President to announce the National Educational Goals in his State of the Union message with the governors adopting them at their annual winter meeting in early February. -
Iraq invaded Kuwait
Iraq invaded Kuwait shifting attention from Education to the a counterattack to force Iraq out of Kuwait -
Secretary of Education
Bill Bennett’s successor Lauro Cavazos removed and replaced by Lamar Alexander.
