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Sep 6, 1766 - John Dalton, was born on September 6, 1766, in Eaglesfield, Cumberland County, England .
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n 1794, shortly after his arrival in Manchester, Dalton was elected a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, the "Lit & Phil", and a few weeks later he communicated his first paper on "Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colours", in which he postulated that shortage in colour perception was caused by discolouration of the liquid medium of the eyeball
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In 1800, Dalton became a secretary of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society,
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He orally presented an important series of papers, entitled "Experimental Essays" on the constitution of mixed gases; on the pressure of steam and other vapours at different temperatures, both in a vacuum and in air; on evaporation; and on the thermal expansion of gases.
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These four essays were published in the Memoirs of the Lit & Phil in 1802.
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In Varmland, a mountainous region of Sweden, at the mining settlement of Langbanshyttan near Filipstad, John Ericsson was born on July 31, 1803. The time of his birth started a highly technological age. It was the year John Dalton, born and raised in the hilly Lake District of England, proposed his atomic theory of matter, which would later explain that as temperature rises, gasses expand, and the cause of aurora borealis, the Northern Lights, visible in Sweden
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Dalton proceeded to print his first published table of relative atomic weights. Dalton provided no indication in this first paper how he had arrived at these numbers. However, in his laboratory notebook under the date 6 September 1803[4] there appears a list in which he sets out the relative weights of the atoms of a number of elements, derived from analysis of water, ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc. by chemists of the time.
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One hundred years ago, on October 21, 1803, John Dalton gave this Society the first announcement of his famous atomic theory
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Dalton gave a further account in the first part of the first volume of his New System of Chemical Philosophy (1808).
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The second part of this volume appeared in 1810,
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n 1810, Sir Humphry Davy asked him to offer himself as a candidate for the fellowship of the Royal Society, but Dalton declined, possibly for financial reasons.
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In one of the memories , read in 1814, he explains the principles of volumetric analysis, in which he was one of the earliest workers
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He was president of the Lit & Phil from 1817 until his death, contributing 116 memoirs. Of these the earlier are the most important. In one of them, read in 1814, he explains the principles of volumetric analysis, in which he was one of the earliest workers
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However, in 1822 John was proposed to candidate for Royal Society without his knowledge, and on election paid the usual fee.
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In 1824 he had been made a corresponding member of the French Académie des Sciences
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The first part of the second volume was not issued till 1827. This delay is not explained by any excess of care in preparation, for much of the matter was out of date and the appendix giving the author's latest views is the only portion of special interest. The second part of vol. ii. never appeared.
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In1830 john was elected as one of its eight foreign associates in place of Davy.
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In 1833, Earl Grey's government conferred on him a pension of £150,
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Earl Grey's gov't's pension raised in 1836 to £300.
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Dalton suffered a minor stroke in 1837.
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Dalton suffered a second stroke in 1838 left him with a speech impediment, though he remained able to do experiments
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In 1840 a paper on the phosphates and arsenates, often regarded as a weaker work, was refused by the Royal Society, and he was so incensed that he published it himself. He took the same course soon afterwards with four other papers, two of which (On the quantity of acids, bases and salts in different varieties of salts and On a new and easy method of analysing sugar) contain his discovery, regarded by him as second in importance only to the atomic theory, that certain anhydrates, when dissolved
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In May 1844 he had yet another stroke; on 26 July he recorded with trembling hand his last meteorological observation.
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On 27 July, in Manchester, Dalton fell from his bed and was found lifeless by his attendant. John Dalton, whose Atomic Theory remains a cornerstone of the physical sciences, had Forty thousand Mancunians who turned out to pay their respects at his funeral procession.n He was buried in Manchester in Ardwick cemetery. The cemetery is now a playing field, but pictures of the original grave are in published materials.
