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Period: to
Afghanistan
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Afghanistan regains independence after third war against British forces trying to bring country under their sphere of influence.
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Soviet Treaty of Friendship
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First ussr invasion
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Rebellion against King Amanaulla and his western ways forced him out of Kabul and into Qandahar in his Rolls Royce
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Ghulam Nabi Captured Mazar Sharif and Marched towards Kabul with an army of 6000 supporters.
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Soviet army invaded Afghanistan in a campaign to capture Ibrahim Beg a Uzbek rebel fining against the soviets in Uzbekistan.
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Pashtuns of Pakistan claimed their independence and accepted neither Afghanistan nor Pakistan as their legitimate government. 100 year contract of Pashtunistan similar to Hong Kong had ended with the transfer of land from British to Afghanistan.
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General Mohammed Daud becomes prime minister. Turns to Soviet Union for economic and military assistance. Introduces a number of social reforms, such as abolition of purdah (practice of secluding women from public view).
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Mohammed Daud forced to resign as prime minister.
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Constitutional monarchy introduced - but leads to political polarisation and power struggles.
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Mohammed Daud seizes power in a coup and declares a republic. Tries to play off USSR against Western powers. His style alienates left-wing factions who join forces against him.
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Saur Revolution: Military units loyal to the PDPA assaulted the Afghan Presidential palace, killing President Mohammed Daoud Khan.
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A treaty was signed which permitted deployment of the Soviet military at the Afghan government's request.
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Operation Storm-333: Soviet troops occupied major governmental, military and media buildings in Kabul, including the Tajbeg Presidential Palace, and executed Prime Minister Amin
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Soviet war in Afghanistan: The Soviet government signed the Geneva Accords, which included a timetable for withdrawing their armed forces.
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Soviet war in Afghanistan: The last Soviet troops left the country.
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Civil war in Afghanistan (1989-1992): Forces loyal to Jamiat-e Islami took control of the capital, Kabul.
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Jamiat leader Burhanuddin Rabbani was proclaimed president
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The Taliban movement began to form in a small village between Lashkar Gah and Kandahar.
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Former DRA president Mohammad Najibullah, who had been living under UN protection in Kabul, was tortured, castrated and executed by Taliban forces.
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Civil war in Afghanistan (1996-2001): The Taliban took control of Mazar-e Sharif.
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As part of American Operation Infinite Reach about 75 cruise missiles were fired by the US into the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan at four militant training camps around Khost and Jalalabad: three camps in the Jarawah area near Khost, one of which, El Far
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September 11, 2001 attacks: Alleged members of Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization Taliban, headquartered in Pakistan, committed a series of terrorist attacks on the commercial and military centers of the United States.
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War in Afghanistan. The United States began an aerial bombing campaign against the Taliban.
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Afghanistan holds its first democratic presidential elections.