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29 BCE
Death of Jesus
Jesus died from being crucified for our sins on the cross. -
Period: 27 BCE to 14
Augustus (Octavius)
He was born 63 BC and later took the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (Octavian) and apart of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. in 44 B.C. after the murder of his adoptive great uncle, Julius Caesar. He took the consulship in 5 and 2 BC. Augustus died while visiting Nola where his father had died. Tacitus and Cassius Dio wrote that Livia was rumored to have murdered Augustus's by poisoning fresh figs given to him. -
19 BCE
Publication of the Aeneid
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5 BCE
Birth of Jesus
Born in Bethlehem to Mary and Joseph -
Period: 14 to 37
Tiberius
Born in 42BC began his reign after Augustus' death and apart of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Considered one of the greatest generals, he had campaigns in Pannonia, Illyricum, Rhaetia and Germania. In 23 his son, Julius Caesar Drusus, died and his reign turned dark and cruel. In 26, Tiberius exiled himself and left ruling in the hands of Praetorian Prefects Lucius Aelius Sejanus and Quintus Naevius Sutorius Macro. Died at request of Caligula had the head Praetorian Guard, Macro, smoother him -
Period: 37 to 41
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (Caligula)
Born in 12, Caligula was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. His father, Germanicus, was the adopted son of Tiberius and one of Rome's most beloved generals. In 33 Caligula married Junia Claudilla, who died in childbirth the following year. when young Caligula was then sent to live with his great-grandma, Livia. After her death, he sent to his grandma Antonia Minor. Specifics of the event varys from each source they agree that Chaerea stabbed first, followed by the rest of conspirators. -
Period: 41 to 54
Claudius
Born in 10BC, A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first emperor to be born outside Italy. shared consulship with his nephew Caligula in 37. Claudius was extraordinarily fond of games and rebuilt Pompey's Theatre after it had been destroyed by fire. Claudius married four times, after two failed betrothals. January 41, Caligula was assassinated in a broad-based conspiracy involving Cassius Chaerea and senators -
Period: 54 to 68
Nero
Born in 37 was the last emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty ruling 54-68. He was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius and became Claudius' heir and successor. His empire-wide program of public and private works was funded by a rise in taxes that was much resented. Nero's rule is seen as tyrannical and cruel. he was believed to have started the great fire although no proof. he was going to commit suicide but could not bring himself to do it and forced his secretary, Epaphroditos, to kill him. -
64
The great fire of Rome
a fire broke out among the shops lining the Circus Maximus. The area’s homes burned quickly and the fire spread north. During the chaos of the fire, there were reports of looting. The fire ended up being of control for three days. 3 of the 14 districts were completely wiped out and four were untouched by the fire. Hundreds of people died and many thousands were left homeless. With no proof that Nero, started the fire or played fiddle while it burned he did use it to further his political agenda. -
Period: 68 to 69
Servius Sulpicius Galba
Born in 3BC began his reign in 68 starting the year of four emperors. Galba held multiple positions overtime offices of praetor, consul, and governor of the provinces Aquitania, Upper Germany, and Africa during the 1st of the 1st century. He became emperor with the support of the Praetorian Guard. Unable to gain popularity with the people or maintain the support of the Praetorian Guard, Galba was murdered by Otho, who then became emperor. -
Period: 69 to 69
Marcus Salvius Otho (Otho)
Born in 32, he married Poppaea Sabina, but when the emperor Nero took Poppaea for his mistress, who later married him, Otho was sent from Rome to govern Lusitania in 58, he did so for 10 years. Otho has sent a naval expedition to Narbonensis, summoned the Danube legions, and himself marched out on March 14. Experienced advisers counseled delay, but Otho insisted on action. His army was defeated at Bedriacum east of Cremona, and Otho committed suicide. -
Period: 69 to 69
Aulus Vitellius
Vitellius born in 15 was the third emperor in the year of four emperors. He was the son of Lucius Vitellius, who was also consul three times. Vitellius became consul in 48 and proconsul of Africa. Galba caused the German troops to be angery however Vitellius had won them over A mob of Romans joined Vitellius’s troops to chase Sabinus to Capitoline Hill during the roiting the temple of jupiter burned down. Vespasian’s army attacked and entered Rome and Vitellius was murdered with great barbarity. -
Period: 69 to 79
Titus Flavius Vespasianus, Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (Vespasian)
Born in 9 became the founder of the Flavian dynasty after the civil wars that followed Nero’s death in 68. Throughout his reign he was insistent that his sons would succeed him, one after the other. Vespasian returned to Rome from Alexandria in 70. He reclaimed public land in Italy from squatters and instituted new taxes. The new taxes including the diversion to Rome’s treasury of the tax paid by Jews to Temple at Jerusalem. In 73 Vespasian and Titus became censors. He died of natural causes. -
79
Mount Vesuvius erupts
When Mount Vesuvius exploded it propelled a 10-mile mushroom cloud of ash and pumice into the air. For 12 hours, volcanic ash and a hail of pumice stones showered Pompeii, forcing the citizens to leave. however about 2,000 people stayed in Pompeii, holed up in cellars or stone structures, hoping to wait out the eruption. unfortunately they were unable to survive, and the city was never rebuilt. -
Period: 79 to 81
Titus Flavius Vespasianus, Titus Vespasianus Augustus (Vespasian)
born in 39, last of the four years of emperors and first of the Flavian Dynasty. Immediately on being titled emperor in 69, Vespasian gave Titus charge of the Jewish war, and a campaign in 70 that culminated in the capture and destruction of Jerusalem. His relations with his brother Domitian were bad, but his short rule was popular in Rome. Titus married twice, his first wife died, and divorced the second after the birth of his only child, a daughter, Flavia Julia. Titus died of natural causes. -
Period: 81 to 96
Titus Flavius Domitianus, Caesar Domitianus Augustus (Domitian)
Born in 24 and known for his reign of terror under which important members of the Senate lived. On the entry of his father’s supporters into Rome he was saluted as Caesar and he became praetor next year. As emperor Domitian was hated by the aristocracy. His military and foreign policy were not successful. He became censor for life in 85. The conspiracy that caused his murder on 96 was led by the two praetorian prefects, various palace officials, and the emperor’s wife, Domitia Longina. -
Period: 96 to 98
Marcus Cocceius Nerva, Nerva Caesar Augustus (Nerva)
Born in 30 was the first of a succession of rulers known as the Five Good Emperors. Nerva was distantly related by marriage to the Julio-Claudian house and had been twice consul 71 and 90 when, on the assassination of the emperor Domitian, he became emperor. The one imaginative innovation commonly attributed to Nerva’s government, the system of alimenta, or trusts for the maintenance of poor children in Italy. Nerva had died of natural causes. -
Period: 98 to 117
Marcus Ulpius Traianus, Caesar Divi Nervae Filius Nerva Traianus Optimus Augustus (Trajan)
Born in 53, he sought to extend the boundaries of the empire to the east, undertook a vast building program, and enlarged social welfare. He became a provincial governor and in 67–68 commander of a legion in the war the future emperor Vespasian was leading against the Jews. In 70 the emperor rewarded him with consulship. In 116 revolts broke out in conquered territories and in Jewish communities in eastern provinces. He left Antioch for Rome and died at Selinus, southern coast of Asia Minor. -
Period: 117 to 138
Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, (Hadrian)
Born in 76. Toward the end of 97, Hadrian was chosen to go west to Gaul to convey congratulations to Trajan, whom the aged emperor Nerva had just adopted and thereby designated his successor. In 105 Hadrian became tribune of the plebs and advanced to the praetorship in 106. In 107 he was briefly governor of Lower Pannonia. Then, in 108, Hadrian become the consulate. He had created for himself at Tivoli, outside Rome. Hadrian died of heart failure in Baiae. -
Period: 138 to 161
Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus, Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius (Antoninus Pius))
Born in 86, he was the fourth of the five good emperors. After serving as consul in 120, Antoninus was assigned by the emperor Hadrian to assist with judicial administration in Italy. He governed the province of Asia, c.134, and then became an adviser to the Emperor. In 138 Antoninus was adopted by Hadrian and became his successor. in 142 a 36-mile barrier, called the Antonine Wall, was built to extend the Roman frontier about 100 miles north of Hadrian’s Wall. He had died of illness in Lorium. -
Period: 161 to 180
Marcus Annius Verus, Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (Marcus Aurelius)
Born in 121, best know for his Meditations on Stoic philosophy. He was consul in 140, 145, and 161. In 145 he married the emperor’s daughter Annia Galeria Faustina. In 161 Syria was invaded by the Parthians. The war 162–166 followed was under the command of Verus. In 167-168 Marcus and Verus set out on an expedition across Danube. In 177 Marcus claimed his 16-year-old son, Commodus, as joint emperor. They resumed the Danubian wars. In 180, he died at his military headquarters of natural causes.