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The Baltic States-Estonia, Lativia, and Lithuania- which the Soviet Union had seized, regained full independence in 1991.
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The United States, Canada, amd ten other countries formed a new military alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
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The Soviet Union has also developed nuclear power.
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The triumph of the Communists in China had seemed like a gain for the Soviet Union and a loss for the United States and its democratic allies.
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Fidel Castro organized an armed rebellion against the corrupt dictator who then ruled Cuba.
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The Soviet Union responded by forming its own military alliance, the Warsaw Pact.
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A massive exodus of low-paid East Germans, unhappy with communism. fled into West Berlin. To stop the flight, East Germany built a wall.
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The Soviet Union sent nuclear missiles to Cuba. President Kennedy responded by imposing a naval blockade that prevented further Soviets shipments.
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South Vietnamese commanders conducted raids on North Vietnamese islands in the Gulf of Tonkin.
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Czechoslovakia's defiance of Soviet control led to a Soviet invasion, Hungary quietly introduced modest economic reforms.
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The Soviet Union became involved in a long war in Afghanistan, an Islamic country just south of the Soviet Union.
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After decades of dictatorship and military rule, a prosperous middle class and fierce student protest pushed the government to hold direct elections.
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The communist government allowed greater freedoms. New political parites were allowed to form, and the western border with Austria was opend.
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The two sides signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.
