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Canada at the Turn of the Century
This involves immigration in the Golden Age of Laurier. When the Canadian Foreign Policy was made, settlement of the west, industrialization and urbanization. The turn of the century is from 1900 - 1913. The golden age of Laurier there were important people involved such as Cliford Sifton. Sifton was part of the liberal part yand this lasted for 15 years. He tried to get settlers from different parts of the world to immigrate. It worked because there was a better life in Canada. -
Period: to
20th century
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World War 1 In The Beggining
In the Beggining, there were two groups called the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. The Triple Alliance was Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. The Triple Entente was Britain, France, Russia and Serbia. They were part of the M.A.I.N. cause of WW1. Militarism is the build up of armys, Alliances were countries entering into aggreements (Alliance, Entente), Imperialism wre countries wanting to expand their territory and inlfuence and lastly Nationalism is the strong belief in one's country. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated (WW1)
Sunday June 28 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was Assassinated in Sarajeva in Austria by a terrorist group called Black Hand. This causeed WW1 because the wanted to free their country. They were teaveling down the road and there were large crowds following them, when a member of Black Hand shot both Archduke Franz and Lady Sophia. They were Serbians trying to stop Austrians from taking over their land. This event caused WW1 and Alliances between countries to form. -
The Schlieffen Plan (WWI)
On August 2nd 1914, the Schlieffen Plan was put into operation when the German Army invaded Luxembourg and Belgium. The Germans were held up by the Belgian Army and were shocked by the Russian Army's advance into East Prussia. This plan was meant to be able to counter a joint attack. It was also supposed to help avoid war on two fronts. the plan counted on Russia to be slow at mobalizing. It also called for a German attack through Belguim and around french defences. The plan ended up failing. -
WW1 Battles
There were four very important battles that happened in WW1. They were the battles of Ypres, Somme, Vimy Ridge and Passchendale. First was the battle of Ypres in April 1915. This battle was when gas was introduced by the Germans. The Candians were unprepared for this and many died. From this battle gas masks were made. The second battle was the battle of Somme in September of 1916. This was the first time tanks were used and this battle helped to make new weaponry. -
WW1 Battles con't...
The third was the battle of Vimy Ridge. This battle consisted of only Canadians against the enemy. This battle was held on the western front. It was a positive imoact because this battle was won by all canadians. the result was 4000 Germans captured and 3600 casualties died. The final battle was the battle of Passchendale. This happened in October 1917. There was nothing accomplished from this and the Germans won back their land but it was the first time mustard gas was used by Germans. -
Winnipeg General Strike (TR 20's)
The relations in 1919 Canada were becoming explosive and unions were becoming stronger. The Commitee of 1000 were powerful industrialists such as bankers and polititions fighting against the 300 000 workers on strike. This strike lasted about six weeks.The events of June 1919 were extreme. Leaders were arrested, RNWMP were swinging baseball bats, gun shits, one man killed and 30 injured. It would take 30 years before the federal government recognized union and the right to collective bargaining. -
The Roaring Twenties
In the 1920's, standards were very strict compard to today. In this time teachers were not allowed to get married, smoke or dress in bright colours. This is also when alcohol was thought of a main cause to social problems such as poverty and abuse. There were groups called Temperance Societies who wanted to make alcohol illegal and others wanted it controlled by the government. Society changed throughout the decade due to younger people, soldiers coming home and women (flappers). -
The Chemist's War (TR 20's)
Around Christmas tijme in 1926 60 people were ill from alcohol poisoning and 8 dead, 23 more died after a few more days. There were imputies and metals in the alcohol, then the government started poisoning the alcohol. The plan was to poison the alcohol so people would stop drinking but it wasn't as effective as the government thought it would be. Another term for this would be Prohibitiobn. By the end of it nearly 10 000 people died. All it did was cause gangs to get bigger. -
The Great Depression
The Great Depression was a hard time for Canadians. This was whena family's incme was spent on only three things, food rent or mortgages. In the early mid twenties there began a "dry belt" in the praries. Farms fell because of bankruptsies, droughts, dust storms and grasshoppers. In the Maritimes the pulp and paper/fishing industries were affected and in B.C. forestry/fishing/mining industries. Factories then started to close. To find a job some men had to "ride the rails", in search for a job. -
The On-To-Ottawa Trek (TGD)
In 1935, There was a solution started for the depression. Men in relief camps became fed-up and decided to climb onto trains. There were protesting heading east from B.C. to Ottawa, on the conditionsand ineffective governtment. Then ended up being stopped in Regina where a riot was started. The fedeeral governtment had ordered the train to hault. The police had to step in. Only one one representative of the relief camp men was allowed to go to Ottawa but the Prime Minister was of no help. -
World War II
Canada and the USA wanted to stay out of European conflicts and treaties. During this discussion Germany was poor, angry and humiliated from the depression and the Treaty of Versailles. Then Japan needed oilso they started attacking other coun tries like, China. So Japan got boycotted by the US which mad eit even more difficult for them to get oil. Then Italy invaded Avyssinia and received minor sanctoms from the League of Nations. This lead up to WWII. -
Pearl Harbour (WWII)
The attack by the Japanese on Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, took place on December 7th 1941. The attack on Pearl Harbour was called a "day of infamy" by President Roosevelt. It was to bring the US into World War Two. The first wave of planes consisted of 183 fighters, bombers and torpedo bombers. It started its attack at 07.55 in the morning. The second wave had 170 planes and attacked Pearl Harbour at 08.54 in the morning.Twenty-nine Japanese planes were brought down by the defences at Pearl Harbour. -
The Dieppe Raid (WWII)
Dieppe was a port located on the eastern coast of France. There were 6100 soldiers and 5000 of them were canadian. Over 1000 canadians were wounded, 2000 were taken prisoner, around 900 were killed and 2200 had returned to England. It didn't turn out as planned because the attack happened late and there were information leaks. However, it was not a total failure becuase they learned from it for fuiture purposes. It helped by drawing soldiers away from the east coast leading up to D-day. -
The End of Hitler (WWII) Germany Surrenders
The Western Allies raced the Russians to be the first into Berlin. The Russians won, reaching the capital on 21 April. Hitler killed himself on the 30th, two days after Mussolini had been captured and hanged by Italian partisans. Germany surrendered unconditionally on 7 May, and the following day was celebrated as VE (Victory in Europe) day. The war in Europe was over. Hitler ended up commiting suicide on April 30 1945. -
Cold War
After WWII, there were two sides, the East versus the West. This conflict was lead by the Soviet Union against the US. After WWII Stalin saw the world as divided into two camps imperialist and capitalist on the one hand, and the communist and progressive world on the other. President Truman poke of systems, one free.There were real wars, they were fought by soviet allies rather than the USSR itself, along with competition for influence in the Third World, and a major superpower arms race. -
Post War
The experience of the Great Depression influenced post-war planning among most industrialized countries. In the first few years after the war ended, Germany remained devastated economically. Germany faced major problems due to the loss of agricultural East Germany to Russia making it necessary for the other three zones to import food from outside Germany. Germany had no resources at the time to pay for the food so it was "charity" food. So the post war was effective. -
The Sixties
The 1960's were a decade once again dominated by a war not a world war but the effects were still felt throughout the world. It is also the start of showing how the people can effect politics through the power of "peaceful" demonstrations , students were the driving force because with education comes empowerment and with empowerment comes a voice. These few things occured in the sixties, Cuban Missile Crisis, Continuing Cold War, Kennedy Assassination, and Hippies and Flower Power. -
The Great Flag Debate (60's)
For nearly a century Canada had no distinctive national flag. Each time Canadians suggested a new symbol to replace the Canadian Red Ensign, modelled after a British naval flag, there was controversy. Maple leaves, beavers, crosses, crown propositions that went no where. In 1964 Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson said he would introduce a new national flag. But Opposition leader Diefenbaker and the Royal Canadian Legion wanted to stick with the Red Ensign. Everyone had an opinion before Canada -
The Seventies
The oil crisis in 1973 was caused when Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries during the Yom Kippur War, announced that they would no longer ship petroleum to nations that had supported Israel in its conflict with Syria and Egypt , to the United States and its allies in Western Europe.The west was by now dependent on oil and together with prices quadrupling. The 70's produced many icons , one of those being the modern waterbed.This was fueled by the sexual revolution. -
The Eighties
During the 1980's we also saw the collapse of the traditional communism and the end of the cold war .The fragmentation of communism included the collapse of the Berlin wall and the breakup up of what was the USSR towards the end of the 1980's. and leading to German reunification. The 1980's also included a lot of new technology. This became considered as the computer age. -
The Ninties
After a number of years fighting between Iran and Iraq , Saddam Hussein needed additional funds and invaded neighboring oil rich Kuwait, The UN showed strength by first bombing and then a month later mounted a ground attack to send the Iraq army back to Iraq and retook possession of Kuwait . This was also known as the Gulf War. The 1990's was also known for television being a big hit.
