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Operation Barbarossa meant a hard blow to the unprepared Soviet forces, who suffered heavy casualties and lost large tracts of territory in a short time. However, the arrival of the Russian winter ended German plans end the invasion in 1941. During the winter, the Red Army counterattacked and quashed hopes of Hitler to win the battle of Moscow. The operation ended on December 5, 1941, with the withdrawal of the German army.
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British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt aboard a warship off the coast of Newfoundland during the Atlantic Conference. The conference took place from August 9-12, 1941, and resulted in the Atlantic Charter, a joint proclamation by the United States and Britain declaring that they were fighting the Axis powers to "ensure life, liberty, independence and religious freedom and to preserve the rights of man and justice."
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The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military offensive carried out by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States at Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) naval base on the morning of Sunday, December 7, 1941.
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On September 11, 1941, the President of the United States publicly declared that he had ordered the American Navy and Air Force to shoot on sight at any German war vessel. In his speech of October 27, 1941, he once more expressly affirmed that this order was in force. Acting under this order, vessels of the American Navy, since early September 1941, have systematically attacked German naval forces.
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On January 20, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich, Himmler's second in command of the SS organization, convened a conference in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee. At the meeting, 15 top Nazi bureaucrats and members of the SS met to coordinate the "Final Solution" in which the Nazis would attempt to exterminate the 11 million Jews of Europe and the Soviet Union.
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